The Peak of China’s Long-Distance Maritime Connections with Western Asia During the Mongol Period: Comparison with the Pre-Mongol and Post-Mongol Periods

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
Hyunhee Park
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Western Asia

scholarly journals Archaeological evidence for two separate dispersals of Neanderthals into southern Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 2879-2885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniya A. Kolobova ◽  
Richard G. Roberts ◽  
Victor P. Chabai ◽  
Zenobia Jacobs ◽  
Maciej T. Krajcarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Northern Croatia ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mountains Of Southern Siberia

Neanderthals were once widespread across Europe and western Asia. They also penetrated into the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia, but the geographical origin of these populations and the timing of their dispersal have remained elusive. Here we describe an archaeological assemblage from Chagyrskaya Cave, situated in the Altai foothills, where around 90,000 Middle Paleolithic artifacts and 74 Neanderthal remains have been recovered from deposits dating to between 59 and 49 thousand years ago (age range at 95.4% probability). Environmental reconstructions suggest that the Chagyrskaya hominins were adapted to the dry steppe and hunted bison. Their distinctive toolkit closely resembles Micoquian assemblages from central and eastern Europe, including the northern Caucasus, more than 3,000 kilometers to the west of Chagyrskaya Cave. At other Altai sites, evidence of earlier Neanderthal populations lacking associated Micoquian-like artifacts implies two or more Neanderthal incursions into this region. We identify eastern Europe as the most probable ancestral source region for the Chagyrskaya toolmakers, supported by DNA results linking the Neanderthal remains with populations in northern Croatia and the northern Caucasus, and providing a rare example of a long-distance, intercontinental population movement associated with a distinctive Paleolithic toolkit.

scholarly journals Out of the Mediterranean Region: worldwide biogeography of snapdragons and relatives (tribe Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Gorospe ◽  
David Monjas ◽  
Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The Mediterranean

ABSTRACTAimThe tribe Antirrhineae, including snapdragons, toadflaxes and relatives, is a model group for plant evolutionary research. It is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere and the Neotropics, but displays an uneven distribution of diversity, with more than 50% of species and subspecies in the Mediterranean Region. Here we conducted the first detailed, worldwide biogeographic analysis of the Antirrhineae and tested two alternative hypotheses (time-for-speciation vs. diversification rate differences) to explain the uneven distribution of diversity.LocationWorldwide, with a focus on the Mediterranean Region.Taxontribe Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae).MethodsA phylogenetic biogeographic approach was taken, accounting for area connections through time. Ancestral ranges, dispersal events, speciation and lineage accumulation within areas were estimated. Diversification rates for taxa present and absent in the Mediterranean Region were compared, accounting for the effect of a floral key innovation (nectar spur).ResultsA proto-Mediterranean origin in the Late Eocene was estimated, and the Mediterranean Region stood out as the main centre for speciation and dispersal. Congruent patterns of long-distance dispersal from the Mediterranean Region to North America were recovered for at least two amphiatlantic clades. A significant floristic exchange between the Mediterranean and south-western Asia was detected. We found no evidence of different diversification rates between lineages inside and outside the Mediterranean Region.Main conclusionsThe Mediterranean Region played a key role in the origin of the current distribution of the Antirrhineae. However, the higher species richness found in this region appears to be the result of a time-for-speciation effect rather than of increased diversification rates. The establishment of current mediterranean climates in the Northern Hemisphere appears to have contributed to the recent diversification of the group, in combination with colonisation of adjacent regions with arid and semi-arid climates.

Western Asia - Elizabeth C. Stone (ed.). Settlement and Society: Essays Dedicated to Robert McCormick Adams. xxii+490 pages, 105 illustrations, 12 tables. 2007. Los Angeles (CA): Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA; 978-1-931745-33-8 hardback $70; 978-1-931745-32-1 paperback $40. - Marguerite Yon. The City of Ugarit at Tell Ras Shamra. viii+180 pages, 138 b&w & colour illustrations. 2006. Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns; 978-1-57506-029-3 hardback $34.50. - Carol Bell. The Evolution of Long Distance Trading Relationships across the LBA/Iron Age Transition on the Northern Levantine Coast: Crisis, continuity and change (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1574). viii+138 pages, 32 illustrations, 18 tables. 2006. Oxford: Archaeopress; 978-1-84171-999-3 paperback £37. - David Peacock & David Williams (ed.). Food for the Gods: New Light on the Ancient Incense Trade. xiv+152 pages, 76 illustrations. 2007. Oxford: Oxbow; 978-1-84217-225-4 hardback £35. - Antonio Sagona. The Heritage of Eastern Turkey from Earliest Settlements to Islam. 240 pages, 187 b&w & colour illustrations. 2006. South Yarra (Australia): Palgrave/Macmillan; 978-1-876832-05-6 hardback. - Myriam Rosen-Ayalon. Islamic Art and Archaeology of Palestine (translation by Esther Singer of Art et archéologie islamiques en Palestine published by Presses Universitaires de France in 2002). 212 pages, 26 figures, 26 plates. 2006. Walnut Creek (CA): Left Coast Press; 978-1-59874-063-9 hardback £40; 978-1-59874-064-6 paperback £17.99. - Paléorient. Revue pluridisciplinaire de préhistorie et protohistoire de l'Asie du Sud-Ouest et de l'Asie centrale 32.1 (2006). 166 pages, 70 illustrations & 17 tables. 2006. Paris: CNRS; 978-2-271-06451-6 paperback €49.

Antiquity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (312) ◽  
pp. 503-504
Author(s):  
Madeleine Hummler
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Eastern Turkey ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The City ◽  
Ras Shamra

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

Popliteal entrapment syndrome and age

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schweizer ◽  
Hügli ◽  
Koella ◽  
Jeanneret
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

On the occasion of diagnosing a popliteal entrapment syndrome in a 59-year old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, who developed acute ischemic leg pain during long distance running, we give an overview on this entity with emphasis on patients’age. The different types of the popliteal artery compression syndrome are summarized. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed. The most important clinical sign of a popliteal entrapment syndrome is the lack of atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with limited walking distance. Not only in young athletes but also in patients more than 50 years old the popliteal entrapment syndrome has to be taken into account.

Attachment Styles, Physical Proximity, and Relational Satisfaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anita Shrivastava ◽  
Andrea Burianova
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment styles, proximity, and relational satisfaction. This was achieved by assessing a distinct type of long distance romantic relationship of flying crews, compared with proximal (non-flying crew) romantic relationships. The responses of 139 expatriate professionals revealed significant associations between proximity and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. The role of the avoidant dimension in comparison with that of the anxious dimension was found to be a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. This study contributes significantly toward addressing the role of proximity and attachment in relational satisfaction in a new context of geographic separation.

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