scholarly journals Archaeological evidence for two separate dispersals of Neanderthals into southern Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 2879-2885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniya A. Kolobova ◽  
Richard G. Roberts ◽  
Victor P. Chabai ◽  
Zenobia Jacobs ◽  
Maciej T. Krajcarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Northern Croatia ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mountains Of Southern Siberia

Neanderthals were once widespread across Europe and western Asia. They also penetrated into the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia, but the geographical origin of these populations and the timing of their dispersal have remained elusive. Here we describe an archaeological assemblage from Chagyrskaya Cave, situated in the Altai foothills, where around 90,000 Middle Paleolithic artifacts and 74 Neanderthal remains have been recovered from deposits dating to between 59 and 49 thousand years ago (age range at 95.4% probability). Environmental reconstructions suggest that the Chagyrskaya hominins were adapted to the dry steppe and hunted bison. Their distinctive toolkit closely resembles Micoquian assemblages from central and eastern Europe, including the northern Caucasus, more than 3,000 kilometers to the west of Chagyrskaya Cave. At other Altai sites, evidence of earlier Neanderthal populations lacking associated Micoquian-like artifacts implies two or more Neanderthal incursions into this region. We identify eastern Europe as the most probable ancestral source region for the Chagyrskaya toolmakers, supported by DNA results linking the Neanderthal remains with populations in northern Croatia and the northern Caucasus, and providing a rare example of a long-distance, intercontinental population movement associated with a distinctive Paleolithic toolkit.

scholarly journals Worldwide Genetic Structure Elucidates the Eurasian Origin and Invasion Pathways of Dothistroma septosporum, Causal Agent of Dothistroma Needle Blight

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Martin S. Mullett ◽  
Rein Drenkhan ◽  
Kalev Adamson ◽  
Piotr Boroń ◽  
Anna Lenart-Boroń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Invasion Pathways ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

Dothistroma septosporum, the primary causal agent of Dothistroma needle blight, is one of the most significant foliar pathogens of pine worldwide. Its wide host and environmental ranges have led to its global success as a pathogen and severe economic damage to pine forests in many regions. This comprehensive global population study elucidated the historical migration pathways of the pathogen to reveal the Eurasian origin of the fungus. When over 3800 isolates were examined, three major population clusters were revealed: North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe, with distinct subclusters in the highly diverse Eastern European cluster. Modeling of historical scenarios using approximate Bayesian computation revealed the North American cluster was derived from an ancestral population in Eurasia. The Northeastern European subcluster was shown to be ancestral to all other European clusters and subclusters. The Turkish subcluster diverged first, followed by the Central European subcluster, then the Western European cluster, which has subsequently spread to much of the Southern Hemisphere. All clusters and subclusters contained both mating-types of the fungus, indicating the potential for sexual reproduction, although asexual reproduction remained the primary mode of reproduction. The study strongly suggests the native range of D. septosporum to be in Eastern Europe (i.e., the Baltic and Western Russia) and Western Asia.

The Influence of Visual Impairment on Physical Fitness Test Performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-731
Author(s):  
Francis X. Short ◽  
Joseph P. Winnick
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Partially Sighted

The Project UNIQUE Physical Fitness Test was administered to 686 normally sighted and 484 visually impaired subjects in the 10-17 age range. Significant differences favoring the normally sighted were found for each of the six test items. The severity of the visual impairment was a significant factor on the two running items. Partially sighted subjects made better scores than legally blind subjects on the 50-yard dash and long-distance run. No significant differences between partially sighted and blind subjects were found for the non-running items in the test battery (skinfolds, grip strength, sit-ups and sit and reach). Findings suggested that, depending upon the purpose of the assessment, physical fitness test scores of the visually impaired generally should be compared to specially designed norms and that, on the running items, separate norms should be utilized for the blind and partially sighted.

IV.—The Absence of Glacial Phenomena in large Parts of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, Etc

1892 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Interesting Area ◽  
Geological Magazine

In some papers which you have done me the favour to print in the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE, I have endeavoured to apply a new touchstone to test the age of high mountain chains and of land of high elevation, namely, the presence or absence of distinct and prominent traces of former glaciation, and I have argued that where such traces are not forthcoming in a very unmistakable manner, we are justified in concluding that these highlands have been elevated since the so-called Glacial Period. I have endeavoured to apply the touchstone in question to the Ural and Altai Mountains, to the Thian Shan and Himalaya ranges in Asia, and to the great Cordillera which binds together the two continents forming the New World. I wish to make my survey more complete by an examination of an interesting area comprising Eastern Europe and South Western Asia.

Trifolium angustifolium (narrow-leaf clover).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenadis Makale
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Narrow Leaf ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract The narrow-leaf clover Trifolium angustifolium is an annual legume native to central, southern and Eastern Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It has been introduced elsewhere and is valued for forage and pasture improvement. It has become an environmental weed in a few countries such as Australia, Japan and Chile but has not been reported as an aggressive invader. It is included in the IUCN Red List (Least Concern) for its value as a genetic resource for forage legumes.

Made for exchange: the Russian Karelian lithic industry and hunter-fisher-gatherer exchange networks in prehistoric north-eastern Europe

Antiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alexey Tarasov ◽  
Kerkko Nordqvist
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Distance Communication

The hunter-fisher-gatherers of fourth- to third-millennium BC north-eastern Europe shared many characteristics traditionally associated with Neolithic and Chalcolithic agricultural societies. Here, the authors examine north-eastern European hunter-fisher-gatherer exchange networks, focusing on the Russian Karelian lithic industry. The geographically limited, large-scale production of Russian Karelian artefacts for export testifies to the specialised production of lithic material culture that was exchanged over 1000km from the production workshops. Functioning both as everyday tools and objects of social and ritual engagement, and perhaps even constituting a means of long-distance communication, the Russian Karelian industry finds parallels with the exchange systems of contemporaneous European agricultural populations.

Family Torymidae Walker, 1833.

2021 ◽  
pp. 367-384
Author(s):  
Marina D. Zerova ◽  
Petr Janšta ◽  
Hassan Ghahari ◽  
Victor N. Fursov ◽  
Gary A. P. Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Differential Characters ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Caucasus Mountains ◽  
Political Units

Abstract This chapter includes differential characters to distinguish the family Torymidae (Chalcidoidea), hypothesized phylogenetic relationships with other families, and general biological attributes of the family. Previous cataloguing efforts of the Iranian fauna for the family are summarized, as well as the information included in the checklist of species for the family. This summary information includes the number of species recorded from Iran, any newly recorded species, a comparison of the Iranian fauna with those of adjacent countries, and major host attributes of the family in Iran. For each species record, reference is included to catalogues that previously reported presence of the species in Iran, including Noyes (2019), distribution in Iran by province and extra-limital distribution by country. In addition to currently recognized countries, previously recognized political units are also included such as Yugoslavia and USSR, as well as some non-political regions such as Caucasus and Transcaucasus (a geographical region in the vicinity of the southern Caucasus Mountains on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia that roughly corresponds to present-day Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan). Also included for each species record are host records and plant associates in Iran, when known, and additional comments as necessary.

scholarly journals Late Miocene (Early Turolian) vertebrate faunas and associated biotic record of the Northern Caucasus: Geology, palaeoenvironment, biochronology

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 383-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey S. Tesakov ◽  
Vadim V. Titov ◽  
Alexandra N. Simakova ◽  
Pavel D. Frolov ◽  
Elena V. Syromyatnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Continental Deposits ◽  
Normal Polarity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The City

Abstract Late Miocene continental deposits overlying the Khersonian marine sediments near the city of Maikop bordering the Belaya River (North Caucasus) yielded a diverse biotic record including palynology, ostracods, fresh-water and terrestrial molluscs, fishes, amphibians and reptiles, birds, and mammals. The obtained data indicate predominantly wooded landscapes along the banks of a large fresh-water estuarine or lagoonal basin with occasional connection with the sea. The basin existed in a warm temperate to subtropical climate with a high humidity and an estimated mean annual precipitation above 800 mm. The mammalian assemblage with Hipparion spp., Alilepus sp., Paraglirulus schultzi, Eozapus intermedius, Parapodemus lugdunensis, Collimys caucasicus sp. nov., Neocricetodon cf. progressus, etc. is referable to the early Turolian, MN 11. The data regarding composition and stage of evolution of the small mammal content combined with mostly normal polarity of the fossiliferous deposits, and the age estimates of the upper Khersonian boundary as between 8.6 and 7.9 Ma indicate a plausible correlation with Chron C4n and an age range between 8.1–7.6 Ma.

scholarly journals Chronology of Soil Evolution and Climatic Changes in the Dry Steppe Zone of the Northern Caucasus, Russia, During the 3rd Millennium BC

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L Alexandrovskiy ◽  
J van der Plicht ◽  
A B Belinskiy ◽  
O S Khokhlova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Soil Evolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
The Bronze Age

Chrono-sequences of paleosols buried under different mounds of the large Ipatovo Kurgan, constructed during the Bronze Age, have been studied to reconstruct climatic changes in the dry steppe zone of the Northern Caucasus, Russia. Abrupt climatic and environmental changes in the third millennium BC have been reconstructed, using morphological and analytical data of the soil. Based on accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates of small charcoal fragments from the soil chrono-sequence, we concluded that two upper paleosols (with the clearest evidence of arid pedogenesis) developed between about 2600–2450 BC.

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