Adaptation versus Retrieval Trade-Off Revisited: An Analysis of Boundary Conditions

Choosing an equitable or efficient option: A distribution dilemma

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.8559 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Long Huang ◽

Wansheng Lei ◽

Fuming Xu ◽

Liang Yu ◽

Fujun Shi

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

Trade Off ◽

Frame Effect ◽

Efficient Option

We conducted a 3 × 3 × 2 experiment to verify the moral preference hypothesis and extend the boundary conditions of the moral frame effect. Participants played a trade-off game (TOG), in which they unilaterally choose between an equitable or efficient option. We manipulated the labeling of the options to describe the equitable versus efficient option as morally right, and controlled the amount of the stakes and division schemes in the TOG. We found there was a significant effect of moral frame when stakes were low in the TOG, and participants would choose a morally right option whether it was equitable or efficient. However, the effect of moral frame was nonsignificant when the stakes were high. In addition, the division schemes in the TOG had a great impact on the moral frame effect. Therefore, we found that when participants’ interest in the options remains the same or the changes are small, and other players’ interest changes greatly, the moral frame effect is not significant.

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Ensuring Adaptation While Seeking Efficiency: Tiered Outsourcing and Skip-Level Supplier Ties in the Airbus A350 Program

Organization Science ◽

10.1287/orsc.2019.1341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 1176-1197

Author(s):

Oliver Baumann ◽

Markus C. Becker ◽

Isabel Horrmann

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

Relational Contracts ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Supplier Relationships ◽

Trade Off ◽

Contractual Relationship ◽

Relationship Structure ◽

Procurement Contracts

When outsourcing design tasks, firms want their suppliers to be both efficient and adaptive. Whereas efficiency is necessary to reap economic gains from outsourcing, adaptation is required to deal with interdependencies as the design evolves. Achieving both objectives simultaneously, however, is difficult because procurement contracts require a trade-off between providing incentives for efficiency and facilitating adaptation. In the presence of formal contracts that provide strong incentives for efficiency, ensuring adaptation thus requires effective relational contracts between the buyer and the supplier. But because the focus of prior research has been on dyadic buyer–supplier relationships, it is unclear how the efficiency–adaptation trade-off can be mitigated in the multitier supplier systems that are common in many industries. Addressing this gap, we argue that in hierarchical supplier systems, relational contracts between contractual partners become more important, but at the same time harder to establish, than in single-tier supplier systems. An in-depth case study of the adaptive frictions that arose in the Airbus A350 program allows us to illustrate this challenge of tiered outsourcing. Moreover, we show how Airbus came to resolve the frictions by leveraging skip-level ties—direct informal contacts to lower-level suppliers with which no contractual relationship existed, thus replacing the archetypal notion of a supplier hierarchy by a more complex relationship structure. We discuss the boundary conditions of our findings and suggest propositions for the emergence of skip-level ties in tiered outsourcing.

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A non-asymptotic homogenization theory for periodic electromagnetic structures

Proceedings of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.2014.0245 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 470 (2168) ◽

pp. 20140245 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Igor Tsukerman ◽

Vadim A. Markel

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

Maxwell's Equations ◽

Homogenization Theory ◽

Scale Problem ◽

Asymptotic Homogenization ◽

Trade Off ◽

Error Indicator ◽

Material Parameters ◽

Periodic Composites ◽

Physical Boundary

Homogenization of electromagnetic periodic composites is treated as a two-scale problem and solved by approximating the fields on both scales with eigenmodes that satisfy Maxwell's equations and boundary conditions as accurately as possible. Built into this homogenization methodology is an error indicator whose value characterizes the accuracy of homogenization. The proposed theory allows one to define not only bulk, but also position-dependent material parameters (e.g. in proximity to a physical boundary) and to quantify the trade-off between the accuracy of homogenization and its range of applicability to various illumination conditions.

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Use of the Magnetostatic Analogue In Electromagnetic Lens Engineering

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068795 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 360-361

Author(s):

John W. Coleman

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

High Performance ◽

Force Fields ◽

Optical Design ◽

Direct Conversion ◽

Design Engineering ◽

Design Data ◽

Scalar Potentials ◽

Geometric Elements ◽

At Will

In the design engineering of high performance electromagnetic lenses, the direct conversion of electron optical design data into drawings for reliable hardware is oftentimes difficult, especially in terms of how to mount parts to each other, how to tolerance dimensions, and how to specify finishes. An answer to this is in the use of magnetostatic analytics, corresponding to boundary conditions for the optical design. With such models, the magnetostatic force on a test pole along the axis may be examined, and in this way one may obtain priority listings for holding dimensions, relieving stresses, etc..The development of magnetostatic models most easily proceeds from the derivation of scalar potentials of separate geometric elements. These potentials can then be conbined at will because of the superposition characteristic of conservative force fields.

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A Flow-Preserving Algorithm for the Time-Cost Trade-Off Problem

IIE Transactions ◽

10.1080/05695558208974589 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 109-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Suleyman Tufekci

Keyword(s):

Time Cost ◽

Trade Off

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A digital vocal tract simulator with boundary conditions at lips and glottis

Electrical Engineering in Japan ◽

10.1002/ecja.4400641104 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 18-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tetsuya Nomura ◽

Nobuhiro Miki ◽

Nobuo Nagai

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

Vocal Tract

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Dual Goals for Speed and Accuracy on the Same Performance Task

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000063 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 118-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olive Emil Wetter ◽

Jürgen Wegge ◽

Klaus Jonas ◽

Klaus-Helmut Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Memory Scanning ◽

Performance Task ◽

Performance Tasks ◽

Trade Off ◽

Test Experiment ◽

Trade Offs ◽

New Finding ◽

Sternberg Paradigm ◽

Speed Accuracy ◽

Speed And Accuracy

In most work contexts, several performance goals coexist, and conflicts between them and trade-offs can occur. Our paper is the first to contrast a dual goal for speed and accuracy with a single goal for speed on the same task. The Sternberg paradigm (Experiment 1, n = 57) and the d2 test (Experiment 2, n = 19) were used as performance tasks. Speed measures and errors revealed in both experiments that dual as well as single goals increase performance by enhancing memory scanning. However, the single speed goal triggered a speed-accuracy trade-off, favoring speed over accuracy, whereas this was not the case with the dual goal. In difficult trials, dual goals slowed down scanning processes again so that errors could be prevented. This new finding is particularly relevant for security domains, where both aspects have to be managed simultaneously.

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