Space, Time, Activity and Human Error: Using Space–Time Constraints to Interrogate the Degree of Uncertainty in Survey-Based Movement Datasets

2012 ◽  
pp. 89-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Sun ◽  
Pip Forer ◽  
Jinfeng Zhao ◽  
David Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Time Activity

Socioeconomic variations and disparity in space–time accessibility in suburban China: A case study of Guangzhou

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802091641
Author(s):  
Zifeng Chen ◽  
Anthony Gar-On Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Service Accessibility ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
And Gender

The concept of conventional place-based accessibility, despite being well researched, tends to ignore people’s space–time constraints arising from mandatory activities (e.g. work and household duties), which confine people’s potential movement and delimit the accessible opportunities. As people with different socioeconomic statuses may have different space–time constraints even while living in similar locations, using the place-based measures could lead to an underestimation of accessibility inequality. This study applies a space–time measure to unravel the disparities in service accessibility in suburban China. Since the late 1970s, suburbanisation in Chinese cities has fostered income inequality and has elevated other dimensions (e.g. institutional status and gender) of disparity within each income class. Within this context, we conduct a case study of suburban neighbourhoods in Guangzhou, based on the activity diary data derived from a home-based questionnaire survey. Findings indicate that the use of a space–time measure effectively captures the disparities in service accessibility among residents in suburban Guangzhou. On the basis of structural equation modelling, we further identify that certain socioeconomic groups (e.g. high-income residents, public sector workers, local hukou holders, male household heads and welfare housing residents) tend to experience fewer space–time constraints from rigid activities, such as work, commuting and household duties, and are thus more advantaged in accessing service facilities. These findings imply that urban planning should address the space–time perspective to promote equal service access for the highly heterogeneous social groups in suburban China and to incorporate time-sensitive policies (e.g. flexitime policies).

Drift and Diffusion in Movement Adaptation to Space-Time Constraints

Motor Control ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-339
Author(s):  
Yeou-Teh Liu ◽  
Tsung-Yu Hsieh ◽  
Karl M. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
And Diffusion

scholarly journals Research on Modeling Intrahousehold Interactions from the Perspective of Space-Time Constraints

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Liangpeng Gao ◽  
Yanjie Ji ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Baohong He
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Time Geography ◽  
Activity Restriction ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
Household Interaction

Interactions among family members can yield valuable information for interpreting individual travel decisions. Typically, each family member plays a set role and travel decisions are made by considering the combined needs of household members. This study investigates both multiactivity and multiperson interactions in urban nuclear families and proposes the novel concepts of “activity-restriction degree” and “activity-constraint niche” to quantify the degree of space-time constraints within time geography. A structural equation model is employed to analyze intrahousehold interactions based on individual activity-travel patterns during the workday. The results indicate that the links between family members reflect behavioral responses (with constraints) between individuals and other family members. Household interaction constraints not only influence individual travel decisions but also affect the realization of the household activity for everyone. These interactions lead to reasonable adjustments and mutual support and to the identification of efficient activity patterns that meet the demands of the entire household.

Complexity of low-frequency earthquakes activity in western Shikoku

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Poiata ◽  
Jean-Pierre Vilotte ◽  
Nikolai Shapiro ◽  
Mariano Supino ◽  
Kazushige Obara
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Slow Slip Events ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Tectonic Tremor ◽  
Slow Earthquakes

<p>Short-duration transient seismic events known as low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are a component of the slow earthquakes family observed in the transition zone, at the root of seismogenic regions of the subduction zones or active faults. LFEs are the signature of impulse seismic energy radiation associated to and often mixed within complex tectonic tremor signal. Detailed analysis and characterization of LFE space-time activity in relation to other slow earthquake phenomena can provide important information about the state and the processes of fault interface.</p><p>We derive a catalog of LFEs in western Shikoku (Japan) by applying a full waveform coherency-based detection and location method to the 4-year continuous data covering the period of 2013-2016 and recorded at Hi-net seismic stations of NIED. The obtained catalog of over 150,000 detected events allows looking into the details of LFE space-time activity during the tectonic tremor sequences and inter-sequence periods.</p><p>We use this catalogue of LFEs to perform a systematic statistical analysis of the event occurrence patterns by applying correlation and clustering analysis to infer the large-scale (long temporal ~ 1-2 day duration) space-time characteristics and interaction patterns of activity and its potential relation to the structural complexity of the subducting plate. We also analyze the correlation between the migration of clustered LFE activity during energetic tremor sequences and short-term slow slip events occurring in the area during the analyzed period.</p>

Estimated effects of air pollution and space-time-activity on cardiopulmonary outcomes in healthy adults: A repeated measures study

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Cole-Hunter ◽  
Audrey de Nazelle ◽  
David Donaire-Gonzalez ◽  
Nadine Kubesch ◽  
Glòria Carrasco-Turigas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Outcomes

scholarly journals Individual space–time activity-based modelling of infectious disease transmission within a city

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 759-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Peter Atkinson ◽  
Dick Ettema
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The City ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

This paper provides an example of the application of an individual space–time activity-based model (ISTAM) to the simulation of the transmission of infectious disease in Eemnes, a city in The Netherlands. Four questions were addressed: (i) how to build the whole population at the city level, (ii) how to build the structure of the activity bundles for the city, (iii) how to assign daily activity patterns to each individual, and (iv) how to simulate within-AB transmission. The model was calibrated and examples of simulation results such as dynamics of the population during a whole day, infection distribution and network analysis are presented.

Arm motion planning based on space-time constraints

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengming Zhu ◽  
Zhaoqi Wang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Min Shi
Keyword(s):  
Motion Planning ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Arm Motion

scholarly journals Probing orographic controls in the Himalayas during the monsoon using satellite imagery

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Barros ◽  
G. Kim ◽  
E. Williams ◽  
S. W. Nesbitt
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
Convective Activity ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Synoptic Conditions

Abstract. The linkages between the space-time variability of observed clouds, rainfall, large-circulation patterns and topography in northern India and the Himalayas were investigated using remote sensing data. The research purpose was to test the hypothesis that cloudiness patterns are dynamic tracers of rainstorms, and therefore their temporal and spatial evolution can be used as a proxy of the spatial and temporal organization of precipitation and precipitation processes in the Himalayan range during the monsoon. The results suggest that the space-time distribution of precipitation, the spatial variability of the diurnal cycle of convective activity, and the terrain (landform and altitudinal gradients) are intertwined at spatial scales ranging from the order of a few kms (1–5km) up to the continental-scale. Furthermore, this relationship is equally strong in the time domain with respect to the onset and intra-seasonal variability of the monsoon. Infrared and microwave imagery of cloud fields were analyzed to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of mesoscale convective weather systems and short-lived convection in Northern India, the Himalayan range, and in the Tibetan Plateau during three monsoon seasons (1999, 2000 and 2001). The life cycle of convective systems suggests landform and orographic controls consistent with a convergence zone constrained to the valley of the Ganges and the Himalayan range, bounded in the west by the Aravalli range and the Garhwal mountains and in the East by the Khasi Hills and the Bay of Bengal, which we call the Northern India Convergence Zone (NICZ). The NICZ exhibits strong night-time activity along the south-facing slopes of the Himalayan range, which is characterized by the development of short-lived convection (1–3h) aligned with protruding ridges between 1:00 and 3:00 AM. The intra-annual and inter-annual variability of convective activity in the NICZ were assessed with respect to large-scale synoptic conditions, monsoon activity in the Bay of Bengal, and the modulating role of orography. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and canonical correlation (CC) analysis suggest that joint modes of variability of monsoon weather and topography, which we call orographic land-atmosphere interactions, modulate the space-time variability of cloudiness in the region. Finally, scaling analysis of cloudiness suggests three different scaling regimes of orographic land-atmosphere interactions: 1) a synoptic-scale regime (≥70-80km); 2) an orographic meso–β regime (30–70km) associated with the succession of wide valleys and bulky terrain features; and 3) an orographic meso–α regime (≤30km) associated with the complex succession of protruding south-facing ridges and narrow valleys that characterize the Himalayan foothills between altitudes of 3000 and 5000m elevations.

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