Forced Migration from Sub-Saharan Africa: The Conflict–Environment Link

2010 ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Naude
Keyword(s):  
Forced Migration ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Understanding the Relationship Between Male Gender Socialization and Gender-Based Violence Among Refugees in Sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Whitney Fry ◽  
Asheley C. Skinner ◽  
Stephanie B. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Gender-based violence (GBV) in humanitarian emergencies is progressively recognized as a global public health problem. Detrimental gender norms influence male perpetrated GBV against women, and social and structural contexts of forced migration and camp resettlement contribute to problematic gender norm development. The review sought to elucidate the dynamics that link gender socialization among male youth in sub-Saharan Africa with violent sexual behaviors. Two concepts were explored: (1) male gender socialization in sub-Saharan Africa related to GBV perpetration patterns and (2) the effect of forced migration on male socialization and GBV. We reviewed articles using a standard systematic review methodology, searching academic databases for peer-reviewed articles, and contacting experts for gray literature. Our initial search identified 210 articles. We manually reviewed these, and 19 met the review inclusion criteria. We identified 20 variables from the first concept and 18 variables from the second. GBV perpetration by male youth is positively associated with social pressures as well as cultural and religious beliefs. Amid forced migration, personal, societal, and cultural preexisting gender inequalities are often amplified to encourage GBV perpetration. The literature revealed aspects of culture, language, role modeling, religion, and the context of violence as important factors that shape young men’s perspectives regarding the opposite sex and gender relations as well as sexual desires and dominance. Overall, though, literature focusing on male socialization and GBV prevention is limited. We made recommendations for future studies among refugee male youth in order to better understand these relationships.

scholarly journals Forced Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-273
Author(s):  
Joaddan Prisca Kommegni Fongang
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Migration is an important issue in modern international relations. This article discusses the characteristics of forced migration in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Africa is a continent where migration has many species and actively influences the political situation in the countries of the continent. Migration in Africa is caused both by internal problems of the countries (political instability, famine, massacres, military conflicts, disturbance of public order, human rights violations) and external factors. All of these factors provoke mass population movements, forming new configurations of migration processes. At the same time, the fact that most of the migrants, moving to new places of residence, remain on the African continent is often ignored. Frequent causes of migration in Africa are economic factors: imbalances and uneven development, lack of employment opportunities, bad living conditions and low wages. At the same time, people migrate to Africa not only to improve their well-being. Military conflicts, threats to life or human rights violations are extremely common causes of forced migration in Africa. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2018), more than 80 million Africans emigrated, leaving their country to settle permanently in another. The relevance of the article is due to the increase of forced migration volume in the SSA countries in 2000-2018 and the need to understand the reasons for this process. This article discusses forced migration in SSA countries. Based on the analysis, the main causes of forced migration in the SSA countries are identified, including political instability, famine, military conflicts, human rights violations, deterioration of socioeconomic conditions and the environmental problems in the countries of the region.

Contextualization of hiv Prevention Initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Special Reference to Gender Issues in Contexts of Human Dislocation and Migration

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-402
Author(s):  
Gordon J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Migration

The subject ofhiv/aidsprevention in public discourse in sub-Saharan Africa is often focused, and not without good reason, on modification of sexual behavior, exemplified in the well-knownabcstrategy – Abstain, Be faithful, wear a Condom. It is here suggested that this narrowing of focus onto sexuality, in contexts where traditionally public discourse on the subject is taboo, could result unhelpfully in significant stereotyping and stigmatization of People Living withhiv&aids, especially women. Furthermore, other factors which serve as potential “drivers” of the epidemics are often omitted from prevention initiatives. These include etiologies of sickness especially as they relate tohivinfection, socio-cultural and economic factors, as well as religious and theological perspectives. These have potential impact on both men and women, but in many instances have even more serious consequences for girls and women. Considering the conditions of people subject to displacement within or forced migration from their countries, the negative impacts of these “drivers” of the epidemics are enhanced even further. Women in particular are most vulnerable to abuse and victimization. In this light, it is recommended that a more nuanced and more contextualized understanding of the epidemics be pursued, one which does not overlook biomedically important issues (including sexuality) but addresses a range of other negative perspectives and practices which result in stigmatization and victimization of women and girls, increasing their vulnerability to abuse and consequently ofhivinfection. In focusing onhivprevention in terms of gender inequities in sub-Saharan society in general and among internally displaced and forced migrant populations in particular, it is important to identify missiological insights that have significance for the missional challenges.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

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