Satellite Observation on the Exceptional Intrusion of Cold Water and Its Impact on Coastal Fisheries Around Peng-Hu Islands, Taiwan Strait

2011 ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-An Lee ◽  
Yi Chang ◽  
Kuo-Wei Lan ◽  
Jui-Wen Chan ◽  
Wei-Juan Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Coastal Fisheries

Satellite Observation of the Mesoscale Features in the Taiwan Strait

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan-Jung Kuo ◽  
Chung-Ru Ho ◽  
Shih-Jen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Feature Tracking ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Phase Speed ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
Monsoon Winds ◽  
Kinematic Properties

In this paper, we discuss the kinematic properties of the mesoscale features in the Taiwan Strait (TS). Two kinds of mesoscale features can be seen in the TS. One is the shear wave; it is a lateral wavelike train with phase speed and wave period. The other one is the eddy-like cold-water wedge; it mainly rotates with a little translation. The shear wave mainly occurs in the boundary of the China cold water along the western TS in winter and spring. The eddy-like cold-water wedge can be seen in the mid-winter when the strong southward China coastal cold water covers up most of the northern TS and creates a very unstable front with the northward warm water. In this study, selected NOAA satellite AVHRR channel 4 infrared images during 2000–2003 are considered to detect the movement of the above mesoscale features through a feature-tracking method. It is found that the development of these features is highly related to the monsoon winds. Meanwhile, the local tidal pattern can also affect their movements.

Cold water anomalies in the middle layer of the northern Taiwan Strait in spring—a numerical approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1571-1585
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Zhao ◽  
Jianwei Lin ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Yuwu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Cross Flows in the Taiwan Strait in Winter*

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-Y. Oey ◽  
Y.-L. Chang ◽  
Y.-C. Lin ◽  
M.-C. Chang ◽  
S. Varlamov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Finite Amplitude ◽  
Winter Monsoon ◽  
Coastal Current ◽  
Wind Regime ◽  
Calanus Sinicus ◽  
Northeasterly Wind ◽  
The Taiwan Strait

Abstract In winter, a branch of the China Coastal Current can turn in the Taiwan Strait to join the poleward-flowing Taiwan Coastal Current. The associated cross-strait flows have been inferred from hydrographic and satellite data, from observed abundances off northwestern Taiwan of cold-water copepod species Calanus sinicus and, in late March of 2012, also from debris found along the northwestern shore of Taiwan of a ship that broke two weeks earlier off the coast of China. The dynamics related to such cross flows have not been previously explained and are the focus of this study using analytical and numerical models. It is shown that the strait’s currents can be classified into three regimes depending on the strength of the winter monsoon: equatorward (poleward) for northeasterly winds stronger (weaker) than an upper (lower) bound and cross-strait flows for relaxing northeasterly winds between the two bounds. These regimes are related to the formation of the stationary Rossby wave over the Changyun Ridge off midwestern Taiwan. In the weak (strong) northeasterly wind regime, a weak (no) wave is produced. In the relaxing wind regime, cross-strait currents are triggered by an imbalance between the pressure gradient and wind and are amplified by the finite-amplitude meander downstream of the ridge where a strong cyclone develops.

scholarly journals Exceptionally cold water days in the southern Taiwan Strait: their predictability and relation to La Niña

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsin Cheng ◽  
Ming-Huei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Relative Operating Characteristic ◽  
Technology System ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Extreme Hazards ◽  
The Taiwan Strait

Abstract. The objectives of this study were to assess the predictability of exceptionally cold water in the Taiwan Strait (TS) and to develop a warning system on the base of scientific mechanism, which is a component of the information technology system currently under development in Taiwan to protect aquaculture against extreme hazards. Optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (SST) data were used to find exceptionally cold water days from January 1995 to May 2017. We found that the SST and wind speed over the TS are low and strong in La Niña winters, respectively. According to tests conducted using relative operating characteristic curves, predictions based on the Oceanic Niño Index and integrated wind speed can be employed at lead times of 60–210 and 0–30 days, respectively. This study utilized these two proxies to develop a possible warning mechanism and concluded four colors of warning light: (1) blue, meaning normal; (2) cyan, meaning warning; (3) yellow, meaning moderate risk; and (4) red, meaning high risk. Hindcasting winters over the period 1995–2017 successfully predicted the cold water hazards in the winters of 2000, 2008, 2011, and 2012 in prior to the coldest day ~ 20 days.

scholarly journals Exceptionally cold water days in the southern Taiwan Strait: their predictability and relation to La Niña

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1999-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsin Cheng ◽  
Ming-Huei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Occurrence Probability ◽  
Relative Operating Characteristic ◽  
Technology System ◽  
La Nina ◽  
The Taiwan Strait

Abstract. The objectives of this study were to assess the predictability of exceptionally cold water in the Taiwan Strait (TS) and to develop a warning system on the basis of the scientific mechanism, which is a component of the information technology system currently under development in Taiwan to protect aquaculture against extreme hazards. Optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (SST) data were used to find exceptionally cold water days from January 1995 to May 2017. We found that the SST and wind speed over the TS are low and strong in La Niña winters, respectively. According to tests conducted using relative operating characteristic curves, predictions based on the Oceanic Niño Index and integrated wind speed can be employed at lead times of 60–120 and 0–25 days, respectively. This study utilized these two proxies to develop a possible warning mechanism and concluded four colors of warning light: (1) blue, meaning normal (0 % occurrence probability); (2) cyan, meaning warning (∼ 50 % occurrence probability); (3) yellow, meaning moderate risk (∼ 60 % occurrence probability); and (4) red, meaning high risk (∼ 75 % occurrence probability). Hindcasting winters over the period 1995–2017 successfully predicted the cold water hazards in the winters of 2000, 2008, and 2011 prior to the coldest day by ∼ 20 days.

Patient Involvement in Treatment Decision Making Can Help or Hinder Placebo Analgesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Geers ◽  
Jason P. Rose ◽  
Stephanie L. Fowler ◽  
Jill A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Patient Involvement ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Placebo Analgesia ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Immersion Experience

Experiments have found that choosing between placebo analgesics can reduce pain more than being assigned a placebo analgesic. Because earlier research has shown prior experience moderates choice effects in other contexts, we tested whether prior experience with a pain stimulus moderates this placebo-choice association. Before a cold water pain task, participants were either told that an inert cream would reduce their pain or they were not told this information. Additionally, participants chose between one of two inert creams for the task or they were not given choice. Importantly, we also measured prior experience with cold water immersion. Individuals with prior cold water immersion experience tended to display greater placebo analgesia when given choice, whereas participants without this experience tended to display greater placebo analgesia without choice. Prior stimulus experience appears to moderate the effect of choice on placebo analgesia.

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