Subdomain Solution of Problem with Unilateral Constraints in Grid Environments

Author(s):  
Ming Chau ◽  
Thierry Garcia ◽  
Abdelhamid Laouar ◽  
Pierre Spiteri
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhu ◽  
Wei Ren ◽  
Yinghan Wang ◽  
Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo ◽  
...  

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Sharma ◽  
Jari Rehu ◽  
Klaus Känsälä ◽  
Heikki Ailisto

This paper presents a software-based modular and hierarchical building energy management system (BEMS) to control the power consumption in sensor-equipped buildings. In addition, the need of this type of solution is also highlighted by presenting the worldwide trends of thermal energy end use in buildings and peak power problems. Buildings are critical component of smart grid environments and bottom-up BEMS solutions are need of the hour to optimize the consumption and to provide consumption side flexibility. This system is able to aggregate the controls of the all-controllable resources in building to realize its flexible power capacity. This system provides a solution for consumer to aggregate the controls of ‘behind-the-meter’ small loads in short response and provide ‘deep’ demand-side flexibility. This system is capable of discovery, status check, control and management of networked loads. The main novelty of this solution is that it can handle the heterogeneity of the installed hardware system along with time bound changes in the load device network and its scalability; resulting in low maintenance requirements after deployment. The control execution latency (including data logging) of this BEMS system for an external control signal is less than one second per connected load. In addition, the system is capable of overriding the external control signal in order to maintain consumer coziness within the comfort temperature thresholds. This system provides a way forward in future for the estimation of the energy stored in the buildings in the form of heat/temperature and use buildings as temporary batteries when electricity supply is constrained or abundant.


1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Pfeiffer

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 512-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songqiao Han ◽  
Shensheng Zhang ◽  
Jian Cao ◽  
Ye Wen ◽  
Yong Zhang

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350023 ◽  
Author(s):  
WU BIN CHENG ◽  
MICHAEL A. J. MOSER ◽  
SIVARUBAN KANAGARATNAM ◽  
WEN JUN ZHANG

Colonoscopy is common procedure frequently carried out. It is not without its problems, which include looping formation. Looping formation prevents the tip of the colonoscope itself from advancing, thus further probing induces a risk of perforation, significant patient discomfort, and failure of colonoscopy. During colonoscopy, the manipulated colonoscope for intubation in the colon goes through the friction between the colonoscope and the colon. Due to major frictional force, the sigmoidal colon forms looping with the scope during intubation. The interactive frictional force between the colon and the colonoscope is highly complex because of frictional contact between two deformable objects. In this paper, contact force computation was formulated into a linear complementarity problem (LCP) by linearizing Signorini's problem, which was adapted into non-interpenetration with unilateral constraints. Frictional force was computed by the mechanical compliance of finite element method (FEM) models with the consideration of dynamic friction between the colonoscope and the intestinal wall. Furthermore, we presented a mathematical model of the elongation of the colon that predicts the motion of scope relative to the intestinal wall in colonoscopy.


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