An Agent-Based Proxemic Model for Pedestrian and Group Dynamics: Motivations and First Experiments

2012 ◽  
pp. 74-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Manenti ◽  
Sara Manzoni ◽  
Giuseppe Vizzari ◽  
Kazumichi Ohtsuka ◽  
Kenichiro Shimura
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Agent Based

scholarly journals Modelling the spread of innovation in wild birds

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (131) ◽  
pp. 20170215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Shultz ◽  
Marcel Montrey ◽  
Lucy M. Aplin
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Theoretical Computer Science ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
Differential Equation Model ◽  
Theoretical Computer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Approximate Majority

We apply three plausible algorithms in agent-based computer simulations to recent experiments on social learning in wild birds. Although some of the phenomena are simulated by all three learning algorithms, several manifestations of social conformity bias are simulated by only the approximate majority (AM) algorithm, which has roots in chemistry, molecular biology and theoretical computer science. The simulations generate testable predictions and provide several explanatory insights into the diffusion of innovation through a population. The AM algorithm's success raises the possibility of its usefulness in studying group dynamics more generally, in several different scientific domains. Our differential-equation model matches simulation results and provides mathematical insights into the dynamics of these algorithms.

scholarly journals Intra-group decision-making in agent-based models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allegra A. Beal Cohen ◽  
Rachata Muneepeerakul ◽  
Gregory Kiker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Agent Based

AbstractMany agent-based models (ABMs) try to explain large-scale phenomena by reducing them to behaviors at lower scales. At these scales in social systems are functional groups such as households, religious congregations, coops and local governments. The intra-group dynamics of functional groups often generate inefficient or unexpected behavior that cannot be predicted by modeling groups as basic units. We introduce a framework for modeling intra-group decision-making and its interaction with social norms, using the household as our focus. We select phenomena related to women’s empowerment in agriculture as examples influenced by both intra-household dynamics and gender norms. Our framework proves more capable of replicating these phenomena than two common types of ABMs. We conclude that it is not enough to build multi-scale models; explaining social behaviors entails modeling intra-scale dynamics.

Agent-embedded system dynamics (aeSD) modeling approach for analyzing worker policies: a research case on construction worker absenteeism

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungjoo Hwang ◽  
Seungjun Ahn ◽  
SangHyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Hybrid Simulation ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Policy Testing ◽  
Sd Model

Purpose Both system dynamics (SD) and agent-based modeling (ABM) have been used in simulation-based group dynamics research. To combine the advantages of both simulation approaches, the concept of SD-ABM hybrid simulation has been proposed. However, research efforts to compare the effectiveness of modeling approaches between the hybrid and non-hybrid models in the context of group dynamics study are rare. Against this background, this study aims to propose an agent-embedded SD (aeSD) modeling approach and demonstrate its advantages when compared to pure SD or ABM modeling approaches, based on a research case on construction workers’ social absenteeism. Design/methodology/approach The authors introduce an aeSD modeling approach to incorporate individual attributes and interactions among individuals in an SD model. An aeSD model is developed to replicate the behavior of an agent-based model previously developed by the authors to study construction workers’ group behavior regarding absenteeism. Then, the characteristics of the aeSD model in comparison with a pure ABM or SD model are demonstrated through various simulation experiments. Findings It is demonstrated that an aeSD model can capture the diversity of individuals and simulate emergent system behaviors arising from interactions among heterogeneous agents while holding the strengths of an SD model in identifying causal feedback loops and policy testing. Specifically, the effectiveness of the aeSD approach in policy testing is demonstrated through examples of simulation experiments designed to test various group-level and individual-level interventions to control social absence behavior of workers (e.g. changing work groupings, influencing workgroup networks and communication channels) under the consideration of the context of construction projects. Originality/value The proposed aeSD modeling method is a novel approach to how individual attributes of agents can be modeled into an SD model. Such an embedding-based approach is distinguished from the previous communication-based hybrid simulation approaches. The demonstration example presented in the paper shows that the aeSD modeling approach has advantages in studying group dynamic behavior, especially when the modeling of the interactions and networks between individuals is needed within an SD structure. The simulation experiments conducted in this study demonstrate the characteristics of the aeSD approach distinguishable from both ABM and SD. Based on the results, it is argued that the aeSD modeling approach would be useful in studying construction workers’ social behavior and investigating worker policies through computer simulation.

Agent-Based Modelling Simulation Case Study: Assessment of Airport Check-In and Evacuation Process by Considering Group Travel Behaviour of Air Passengers

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 1859-1864
Author(s):  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Vikas Reddy ◽  
Clinton Fookes ◽  
Prasad K.D.V. Yarlagadda
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Airport Terminals ◽  
Group Travel

Passenger experience has become a major factor that influences the success of an airport. In this context, passenger flow simulation has been used in designing and managing airports. However, most passenger flow simulations failed to consider the group dynamics when developing passenger flow models. In this paper, an agent-based model is presented to simulate passenger behaviour at the airport check-in and evacuation process. The simulation results show that the passenger behaviour can have significant influences on the performance and utilisation of services in airport terminals. The model was created using AnyLogic software and its parameters were initialised using recent research data published in the literature.

An Agent-Based Pedestrian and Group Dynamics Model Applied to Experimental and Real-World Scenarios

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Vizzari ◽  
Lorenza Manenti ◽  
Kazumichi Ohtsuka ◽  
Kenichiro Shimura
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Agent Based

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

Review of Group Dynamics: Research and Theory.

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
ROBERT HELMREICH
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics
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