Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System for Natural Disaster Prevention

Tsunami Warning System (TWS) consist detection and notification system that mostly operated by countries affected by Tsunami. For Malaysia, it is not cost effective to use cutting edge TWS. The reason is it free from big earthquakes where its location far from tectonic plate boundaries. Besides, it’s surrounded by neighbouring countries which act like natural wall to prevent natural disaster reach to Malaysia territory. Fatal Tsunami happened on 2004 has changed this fact and Malaysia is exposed to secondary effect of natural disaster happened at neighbouring countries. An earthquake with magnitude nine (9) occurred at Banda Aceh was generate Tsunami wave that propagate from Indonesia to Malaysia coastline killed 68 people. As an immediate action, Malaysian government introduce Malaysia Tsunami Early Warning System (SAATNM) which the technology behind the system is from imported equipment. Unfortunately, this sophisticated equipment is costly to maintain and it’s exposed to vandalise. Thus, ADIBs is acronyms for Aware Tsunami Detection Interconnected Built-In System is a TWS propose by authors to help Malaysian government agencies to develop a low cost and reliable TWS suitable for Malaysia usage. The authors also propose a novel method to calculate Tsunami risk which considers severity of Tsunami, occurrence of Tsunami and detection of Tsunami. Tsunami Failure Mode Effect Analysis (TFMEA) has successful informs Malaysia should focus on prevention works rather than using expensive TWS.

Download Full-text

Japan's tsunami warning system retreats

Nature ◽

10.1038/news.2011.477 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David Cyranoski

Keyword(s):

Warning System ◽

Tsunami Warning ◽

Tsunami Warning System

Download Full-text

Potential deployment of offshore bottom pressure gauges and adoption of data assimilation for tsunami warning system in the western Mediterranean Sea

Geoscience Letters ◽

10.1186/s40562-019-0149-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammad Heidarzadeh ◽

Yuchen Wang ◽

Kenji Satake ◽

Iyan E. Mulia

Keyword(s):

Data Assimilation ◽

Warning System ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Tsunami Warning ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Bottom Pressure ◽

Tsunami Warning System ◽

Earthquake Scenarios ◽

The North ◽

Western Mediterranean Basin

AbstractWestern Mediterranean Basin (WMB) is among tsunamigenic zones with numerous historical records of tsunami damage and deaths. Most recently, a moderate tsunami on 21 May 2003 offshore Algeria, North Africa, was a fresh call for strengthening tsunami warning capabilities in this enclosed water basin. Here, we propose to deploy offshore bottom pressure gauges (OBPGs) and to adopt the framework of a tsunami data assimilation (TDA) approach for providing timely tsunami forecasts. We demonstrate the potential enhancement of the tsunami warning system through the case study of the 2003 Algeria tsunami. Four scenarios of OBPG arrangements involving 10, 5, 3 and 2 gauges are considered. The offshore gauges are located at distances of 120–300 km from the North African coast. The warning lead times are 20, 30, 48 and 55 min for four points of interest considered in this study: Ibiza, Palma, Sant Antoni and Barcelona, respectively. The forecast accuracies are in the range of 69–85% for the four OBPG scenarios revealing acceptable accuracies for tsunami warnings. We conclude that installation of OBPGs in the WMB can be helpful for providing successful and timely tsunami forecasts. We note that the OBPG scenarios proposed in this study are applicable only for the case of the 2003 Algeria tsunami. Further studies including sensitivity analyses (e.g., number of OBPG stations; earthquake magnitude, strike, epicenter) are required in order to determine OBPG arrangements that could be useful for various earthquake scenarios in the WMB.

Download Full-text

Tsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy

La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento ◽

10.1007/s40766-021-00016-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Selva ◽

A. Amato ◽

A. Armigliato ◽

R. Basili ◽

F. Bernardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Warning System ◽

Physical Modelling ◽

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Tsunami Warning ◽

Current Status ◽

Seismic Sources ◽

Warning Systems ◽

Tsunami Warning System ◽

Crustal Earthquakes ◽

The Mediterranean

AbstractDestructive tsunamis are most often generated by large earthquakes occurring at subduction interfaces, but also other “atypical” sources—defined as crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources altogether—may cause significant tsunami threats. Tsunamis may indeed be generated by different sources, such as earthquakes, submarine or coastal landslides, volcano-related phenomena, and atmospheric perturbations. The consideration of atypical sources is important worldwide, but it is especially prominent in complex tectonic settings such as the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, or the Indonesian archipelago. The recent disasters in Indonesia in 2018, caused by the Palu-Sulawesi magnitude Mw 7.5 crustal earthquake and by the collapse of the Anak-Krakatau volcano, recall the importance of such sources. Dealing with atypical sources represents a scientific, technical, and computational challenge, which depends on the capability of quantifying and managing uncertainty efficiently and of reducing it with accurate physical modelling. Here, we first introduce the general framework in which tsunami threats are treated, and then we review the current status and the expected future development of tsunami hazard quantifications and of the tsunami warning systems in Italy, with a specific focus on the treatment of atypical sources. In Italy, where the memory of historical atypical events like the 1908 Messina earthquake or the relatively recent 2002 Stromboli tsunami is still vivid, specific attention has been indeed dedicated to the progressive development of innovative strategies to deal with such atypical sources. More specifically, we review the (national) hazard analyses and their application for coastal planning, as well as the two operating tsunami warning systems: the national warning system for seismically generated tsunamis (SiAM), whose upstream component—the CAT-INGV—is also a Tsunami Service Provider of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS) coordinated by the Intergovernmental Coordination Group established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, and the local warning system for tsunamis generated by volcanic slides along the Sciara del Fuoco of Stromboli volcano. Finally, we review the state of knowledge about other potential tsunami sources that may generate significant tsunamis for the Italian coasts, but that are not presently considered in existing tsunami warning systems. This may be considered the first step towards their inclusion in the national tsunami hazard and warning programs.

Download Full-text

Applicability of the Decision Matrix of North Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System to the Italian tsunamis

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-12-843-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 843-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. Tinti ◽

L. Graziani ◽

B. Brizuela ◽

A. Maramai ◽

S. Gallazzi

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Warning System ◽

Tsunami Warning ◽

The Other ◽

Tsunami Source ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Decision Matrix ◽

Tsunami Warning System ◽

North Eastern ◽

The Mediterranean

Abstract. After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami catastrophe, UNESCO through the IOC (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission) sponsored the establishment of Intergovernmental Coordination Groups (ICG) with the aim to devise and implement Tsunami Warning Systems (TWSs) in all the oceans exposed to tsunamis, in addition to the one already in operation in the Pacific (PTWS). In this context, since 2005, efforts have begun for the establishment of TWSs in the Indian Ocean (IOTWS), in the Caribbean area (CARIBE EWS) and in the North Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas (NEAMTWS). In this paper, we focus on a specific tool that was first introduced in the PTWS routine operations, i.e., the Decision Matrix (DM). This is an easy-to-use table establishing a link between the main parameters of an earthquake and the possible ensuing tsunami in order to make quick decision on the type of alert bulletins that a Tsunami Warning Center launches to its recipients. In the process of implementation of a regional TWS for the NEAM area, two distinct DMs were recently proposed by the ICG/NEAMTWS, one for the Atlantic and the other for the entire Mediterranean area. This work applies the Mediterranean NEAMTWS DM to the earthquakes recorded in Italy and compares the action predicted by the DM vs. the action that should be appropriate in view of the observed tsunami characteristics with the aim to establish how good the performance of the Italian TWS will be when it uses the DM for future events. To this purpose, we make use of the parametric catalogue of the Italian earthquakes (CPTI04) compiled in 2004 and the most recent compilation of the Italian tsunami, based on the Italian Tsunami Catalogue of 2004 and the subsequent revisions. In order to better compare the TWS actions, we have identified four different kinds of action coding them from 0 to 3 according to the tsunami severity and have further considered three different distance ranges where these actions apply, that is local, regional and basin-wide, that refer to the distance of the message recipients from the tsunami source. The result of our analysis is that the actions prescribed by the DM are adequate only in 45%–55% of the cases, overestimations are about 37% and underestimations are the rest. As a whole, the predictive ability of the DM is not satisfactory, which implies that recipients have the difficult task in managing bulletins carrying a great deal of uncertainty and on the other hand also suggests that strategies to improve the DM or to go beyond the DM need to be found.

Download Full-text