scholarly journals Potential deployment of offshore bottom pressure gauges and adoption of data assimilation for tsunami warning system in the western Mediterranean Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidarzadeh ◽  
Yuchen Wang ◽  
Kenji Satake ◽  
Iyan E. Mulia
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Bottom Pressure ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin

AbstractWestern Mediterranean Basin (WMB) is among tsunamigenic zones with numerous historical records of tsunami damage and deaths. Most recently, a moderate tsunami on 21 May 2003 offshore Algeria, North Africa, was a fresh call for strengthening tsunami warning capabilities in this enclosed water basin. Here, we propose to deploy offshore bottom pressure gauges (OBPGs) and to adopt the framework of a tsunami data assimilation (TDA) approach for providing timely tsunami forecasts. We demonstrate the potential enhancement of the tsunami warning system through the case study of the 2003 Algeria tsunami. Four scenarios of OBPG arrangements involving 10, 5, 3 and 2 gauges are considered. The offshore gauges are located at distances of 120–300 km from the North African coast. The warning lead times are 20, 30, 48 and 55 min for four points of interest considered in this study: Ibiza, Palma, Sant Antoni and Barcelona, respectively. The forecast accuracies are in the range of 69–85% for the four OBPG scenarios revealing acceptable accuracies for tsunami warnings. We conclude that installation of OBPGs in the WMB can be helpful for providing successful and timely tsunami forecasts. We note that the OBPG scenarios proposed in this study are applicable only for the case of the 2003 Algeria tsunami. Further studies including sensitivity analyses (e.g., number of OBPG stations; earthquake magnitude, strike, epicenter) are required in order to determine OBPG arrangements that could be useful for various earthquake scenarios in the WMB.

scholarly journals Implementation and Challenges of the Tsunami Warning System in the Western Mediterranean

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 821-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schindelé ◽  
A. Gailler ◽  
H. Hébert ◽  
A. Loevenbruck ◽  
E. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Warning System ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Tsunami Warning System

scholarly journals THE HELLENIC NATIONAL TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER: RESEARCH, OPERATIONAL AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Papadopoulos ◽  
G.A. Tselentis ◽  
M. Charalampakis ◽  
All the scientific staff of the Institut All the scientific staff of the Institute of Geodynamics1
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
The North ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Training

The Hellenic National Tsunami Warning Center (HL-NTWC), which is a unit of the Institute of Geodynamics of the National Observatory of Athens (NOA-IG), was officially established in Greece by law in September 2010. It operates a 24/7 tsunami monitoring service for Greece and the eastern Mediterranean Sea, providing warning messages to the General Secretariat for Civil Protection in Greece. Since August 2012, HL-NTWC acts as Candidate Tsunami Service Provider (CTSP) in the framework of the North-Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS) of the IOC/UNESCO providing tsunami messages to a large number of subscribers. The HL-NTWC function is based on the national seismograph and tide gauge networks of NOA-IG and incorporates several data bases, algorithms and computational tools. Collaboration with top class research institutions in the framework of important EC funded tsunami research projects strengthens the scientific background of the center. Tests, exercises and training of the duty officers involved in the 24/7 operation of the HL-NTWC are carried on constantly, in order to maintain a high level of readiness and response in case of emergency. In its operational life since August 2012 the HL-NTWC has timely issued tsunami warning messages for 14 potentially tsunamigenic earthquake events.

scholarly journals KOERI’s Tsunami Warning System in the Eastern Mediterranean and Its Connected Seas: A Decade of Achievements and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11247
Author(s):  
Öcal Necmioğlu ◽  
Fatih Turhan ◽  
Ceren Özer Sözdinler ◽  
Mehmet Yılmazer ◽  
Yavuz Güneş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
The North ◽  
Earthquake Research ◽  
Monitoring Center

A tsunami warning system providing services in the Eastern Mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara and Black Seas under the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)—Intergovernmental Coordination Group (ICG) for the Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System in the North-Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas (NEAMTWS) framework was established in Turkey by the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI) (Özel et al., 2011). KOERI’s Regional Earthquake and Tsunami Monitoring Center (RETMC) was established on the foundations of the legacy KOERI National Earthquake Monitoring Center (NEMC) by adding observation, analysis and operational capability related to tsunami early warnings after an extensive preparatory period during 2009 and 2011. The center initiated its test-mode 7/24 operational status as a national tsunami warning center in 2011, and after a one year period it became operational as a candidate tsunami warning center for NEAMTWS on 1 July 2012, together with CENALT (Centre d’Alerte aux Tsunamis—France) and followed by the NOA (National Observatory of Athens—Greece) on 28 August 2012, INGV (Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia—Italy) on 1 October 2014 and IPMA (Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera—Portugal) on 1 February 2018, completing full coverage of the tsunami-prone regions monitored by NEAMTWS. In this paper, an overview of the progress and continuous improvement of KOERI’s tsunami early warning system will be presented, together with lessons learned from important tsunamigenic events, such as the 20 July 2017 Bodrum–Kos Mw 6.6 and 30 October 2020 Samos–Izmir Mw 6.9 earthquakes. Gaps preventing the completion of an effective tsunami warning cycle and areas for future improvement are also addressed.

scholarly journals Tsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Selva ◽  
A. Amato ◽  
A. Armigliato ◽  
R. Basili ◽  
F. Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Warning System ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Seismic Sources ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Crustal Earthquakes ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractDestructive tsunamis are most often generated by large earthquakes occurring at subduction interfaces, but also other “atypical” sources—defined as crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources altogether—may cause significant tsunami threats. Tsunamis may indeed be generated by different sources, such as earthquakes, submarine or coastal landslides, volcano-related phenomena, and atmospheric perturbations. The consideration of atypical sources is important worldwide, but it is especially prominent in complex tectonic settings such as the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, or the Indonesian archipelago. The recent disasters in Indonesia in 2018, caused by the Palu-Sulawesi magnitude Mw 7.5 crustal earthquake and by the collapse of the Anak-Krakatau volcano, recall the importance of such sources. Dealing with atypical sources represents a scientific, technical, and computational challenge, which depends on the capability of quantifying and managing uncertainty efficiently and of reducing it with accurate physical modelling. Here, we first introduce the general framework in which tsunami threats are treated, and then we review the current status and the expected future development of tsunami hazard quantifications and of the tsunami warning systems in Italy, with a specific focus on the treatment of atypical sources. In Italy, where the memory of historical atypical events like the 1908 Messina earthquake or the relatively recent 2002 Stromboli tsunami is still vivid, specific attention has been indeed dedicated to the progressive development of innovative strategies to deal with such atypical sources. More specifically, we review the (national) hazard analyses and their application for coastal planning, as well as the two operating tsunami warning systems: the national warning system for seismically generated tsunamis (SiAM), whose upstream component—the CAT-INGV—is also a Tsunami Service Provider of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS) coordinated by the Intergovernmental Coordination Group established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, and the local warning system for tsunamis generated by volcanic slides along the Sciara del Fuoco of Stromboli volcano. Finally, we review the state of knowledge about other potential tsunami sources that may generate significant tsunamis for the Italian coasts, but that are not presently considered in existing tsunami warning systems. This may be considered the first step towards their inclusion in the national tsunami hazard and warning programs.

scholarly journals Applicability of the Decision Matrix of North Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System to the Italian tsunamis

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tinti ◽  
L. Graziani ◽  
B. Brizuela ◽  
A. Maramai ◽  
S. Gallazzi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami catastrophe, UNESCO through the IOC (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission) sponsored the establishment of Intergovernmental Coordination Groups (ICG) with the aim to devise and implement Tsunami Warning Systems (TWSs) in all the oceans exposed to tsunamis, in addition to the one already in operation in the Pacific (PTWS). In this context, since 2005, efforts have begun for the establishment of TWSs in the Indian Ocean (IOTWS), in the Caribbean area (CARIBE EWS) and in the North Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas (NEAMTWS). In this paper, we focus on a specific tool that was first introduced in the PTWS routine operations, i.e., the Decision Matrix (DM). This is an easy-to-use table establishing a link between the main parameters of an earthquake and the possible ensuing tsunami in order to make quick decision on the type of alert bulletins that a Tsunami Warning Center launches to its recipients. In the process of implementation of a regional TWS for the NEAM area, two distinct DMs were recently proposed by the ICG/NEAMTWS, one for the Atlantic and the other for the entire Mediterranean area. This work applies the Mediterranean NEAMTWS DM to the earthquakes recorded in Italy and compares the action predicted by the DM vs. the action that should be appropriate in view of the observed tsunami characteristics with the aim to establish how good the performance of the Italian TWS will be when it uses the DM for future events. To this purpose, we make use of the parametric catalogue of the Italian earthquakes (CPTI04) compiled in 2004 and the most recent compilation of the Italian tsunami, based on the Italian Tsunami Catalogue of 2004 and the subsequent revisions. In order to better compare the TWS actions, we have identified four different kinds of action coding them from 0 to 3 according to the tsunami severity and have further considered three different distance ranges where these actions apply, that is local, regional and basin-wide, that refer to the distance of the message recipients from the tsunami source. The result of our analysis is that the actions prescribed by the DM are adequate only in 45%–55% of the cases, overestimations are about 37% and underestimations are the rest. As a whole, the predictive ability of the DM is not satisfactory, which implies that recipients have the difficult task in managing bulletins carrying a great deal of uncertainty and on the other hand also suggests that strategies to improve the DM or to go beyond the DM need to be found.

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