Comparison of Realizations of the Terrestrial Reference Frame

2012 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
C. Ma ◽  
D. MacMillan ◽  
S. Bolotin ◽  
K. Le Bail ◽  
D. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame

The Contribution of LARES to Global Climate Change Studies With Geodetic Satellites

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampiero Sindoni ◽  
Claudio Paris ◽  
Cristian Vendittozzi ◽  
Erricos C. Pavlis ◽  
Ignazio Ciufolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Geophysical Processes ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) makes an important contribution to Earth science providing the most accurate measurement of the long-wavelength components of Earth’s gravity field, including their temporal variations. Furthermore, SLR data along with those from the other three geometric space techniques, Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and DORIS, generate and maintain the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) that is used as a reference by all Earth Observing systems and beyond. As a result we obtain accurate station positions and linear velocities, a manifestation of tectonic plate movements important in earthquake studies and in geophysics in general. The “geodetic” satellites used in SLR are passive spheres characterized by very high density, with little else than gravity perturbing their orbits. As a result they define a very stable reference frame, defining primarily and uniquely the origin of the ITRF, and in equal shares, its scale. The ITRF is indeed used as “the” standard to which we can compare regional, GNSS-derived and alternate frames. The melting of global icecaps, ocean and atmospheric circulation, sea-level change, hydrological and internal Earth-mass redistribution are nowadays monitored using satellites. The observations and products of these missions are geolocated and referenced using the ITRF. This allows scientists to splice together records from various missions sometimes several years apart, to generate useful records for monitoring geophysical processes over several decades. The exchange of angular momentum between the atmosphere and solid Earth for example is measured and can be exploited for monitoring global change. LARES, an Italian Space Agency (ASI) satellite, is the latest geodetic satellite placed in orbit. Its main contribution is in the area of geodesy and the definition of the ITRF in particular and this presentation will discuss the improvements it will make in the aforementioned areas.

scholarly journals The permanent tide and the International Height Reference Frame IHRF

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaakko Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
International Association ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Equipotential Surface ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Consistent Estimate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Global Mean Sea Level ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe International Height Reference System (IHRS), adopted by International Association of Geodesy (IAG) in its Resolution No. 1 at the XXVI General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) in Prague in 2015, contains two novelties. Firstly, the mean-tide concept is adopted for handling the permanent tide. While many national height systems continue to apply the mean-tide concept, this was the first time that the IAG officially introduced it for a potential field quantity. Secondly, the reference level of the height system is defined by the equipotential surface where the geopotential has a conventional value W0 = 62,636,853.4 m2 s–2. This value was first determined empirically to provide a good approximation to the global mean sea level and then adopted as a reference value by convention. I analyse the tidal aspects of the reference level based on W0. By definition, W0 is independent of the tidal concept that was adopted for the equipotential surface, but for different concepts, different functions are involved in the W of the equation W = W0. I find that, in the empirical determination of the adopted estimate W0, the permanent tide is treated inconsistently. However, the consistent estimate from the same data rounds off to the same value. I discuss the tidal conventions and formulas for the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF) and the realisation of the IHRS. I propose a simplified definition of IHRF geopotential numbers that would make it possible to transform between the IHRF and zero-tide geopotential numbers using a simple datum-difference surface. Such a transformation would not be adequate if rigorous mean-tide formulas were imposed. The IHRF should adopt a conventional (best) estimate of the permanent tide-generating potential, such as that which is contained in the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service Conventions, and use it as a basis for other conventional formulas. The tide-free coordinates of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame and tide-free Global Geopotential Models are central in the modelling of geopotential for the purposes of the IHRF. I present a set of correction formulas that can be used to move to the zero-tide model before, during, or after the processing, and finally to the mean-tide IHRF. To reduce the confusion around the multitude of tidal concepts, I propose that modelling should primarily be done using the zero-tide concept, with the mean-tide potential as an add-on. The widespread use of the expression “systems of permanent tide” may also have contributed to the confusion, as such “systems” do not have the properties that are generally associated with other “systems” in geodesy. Hence, this paper mostly uses “concept” instead of “system” when referring to the permanent tide.

DPOD2008: A DORIS-Oriented Terrestrial Reference Frame for Precise Orbit Determination

2015 ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Willis ◽  
Nikita P. Zelensky ◽  
John Ries ◽  
Laurent Soudarin ◽  
Luca Cerri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Orbit Determination ◽  
Precise Orbit Determination ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
Precise Orbit

GGOS-D Global Terrestrial Reference Frame

2010 ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Angermann ◽  
Hermann Drewes ◽  
Michael Gerstl ◽  
Barbara Meisel ◽  
Manuela Seitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame

Contribution of Multi‐GNSS Constellation to SLR‐Derived Terrestrial Reference Frame

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 2339-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sośnica ◽  
G. Bury ◽  
R. Zajdel
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
Gnss Constellation

scholarly journals Realization of the Primary Terrestrial Reference Frame

1991 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
W. Kosek ◽  
B. Kołaczek
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Collocation Points ◽  
Station Coordinates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Transformation Parameters ◽  
Mean Square Errors

AbstractThe PTRF is based on 43 sites with 64 SSC collocation points with the optimum geographic distribution, which were selected from all stations of the ITRF89 according to the criterion of the minimum value of the errors of 7 parameters of transformation. The ITRF89 was computed by the IERS Terrestrial Frame Section in Institut Geographique National - IGN and contains 192 VLBI and SLR stations (points) with 119 collocation ones. The PTRF has been compared with the ITRF89. The errors of the 7 parameters of transformation between the PTRF and 18 individual SSC as well as the mean square errors of station coordinates are of the same order as those for the ITRF89. The transformation parameters between the ITRF89 and the PTRF are negligible and their errors are of the order of 3 mm.

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