Spatial Relation Predicates in Topographic Feature Semantics

Abstract In the present study we explored the focusing of visuospatial attention in subjects practicing and not practicing activities with high attentional demands. Similar to the studies of Castiello and Umiltà (e. g., 1990) , our experimental procedure was a variation of Posner's (1980) basic paradigm for exploring covert orienting of visuospatial attention. In a simple RT-task, a peripheral cue of varying size was presented unilaterally or bilaterally from a central fixation point and followed by a target at different stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOAs). The target could occur validly inside the cue or invalidly outside the cue with varying spatial relation to its boundary. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded to target stimuli under the different task conditions. RT and ERP findings showed converging aspects as well as dissociations. Electrophysiological results revealed an amplitude modulation of the ERPs in the early and late Nd time interval at both anterior and posterior scalp sites, which seems to be related to the effects of peripheral informative cues as well as to the attentional expertise. Results were: (1) shorter latency effects confirm the positive-going amplitude enhancement elicited by unilateral peripheral cues and strengthen the criticism against the neutrality of spatially nonpredictive peripheral cueing of all possible target locations which is often presumed in behavioral studies. (2) Longer latency effects show that subjects with attentional expertise modulate the distribution of the attentional resources in the visual space differently than nonexperienced subjects. Skilled practice may lead to minimizing attentional costs by automatizing the use of a span of attention that is adapted to the most frequent task demands and endogenously increases the allocation of resources to cope with less usual attending conditions.

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Analysis of Air Mean Temperature Anomalies by Using Horizontal Visibility Graphs

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e23020207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Javier Gómez-Gómez ◽

Rafael Carmona-Cabezas ◽

Elena Sánchez-López ◽

Eduardo Gutiérrez de Ravé ◽

Francisco José Jiménez-Hornero

Keyword(s):

Complex Networks ◽

Global Climate ◽

Spatial Relation ◽

Clustering Coefficient ◽

Horizontal Visibility ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Intrinsic Nature ◽

Temperature Anomalies ◽

Mean Temperature

The last decades have been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface. An increasing interest in climate variability is appearing, and many research works have investigated the main effects on different climate variables. Some of them apply complex networks approaches to explore the spatial relation between distinct grid points or stations. In this work, the authors investigate whether topological properties change over several years. To this aim, we explore the application of the horizontal visibility graph (HVG) approach which maps a time series into a complex network. Data used in this study include a 60-year period of daily mean temperature anomalies in several stations over the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). Average degree, degree distribution exponent, and global clustering coefficient were analyzed. Interestingly, results show that they agree on a lack of significant trends, unlike annual mean values of anomalies, which present a characteristic upward trend. The main conclusions obtained are that complex networks structures and nonlinear features, such as weak correlations, appear not to be affected by rising temperatures derived from global climate conditions. Furthermore, different locations present a similar behavior and the intrinsic nature of these signals seems to be well described by network parameters.

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A GIS analysis of the spatial relation between evapotranspiration and pan evaporation in the United States

Water International ◽

10.1080/02508060.2013.769075 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 353-360

Author(s):

Sami Khanal ◽

Shrinidhi Ambinakudige ◽

John Rodgers

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Spatial Relation ◽

The United States ◽

Gis Analysis ◽

Pan Evaporation

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The impact of age and familiarity with the environment on categorical and coordinate spatial relation representations

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1111/sjop.12703 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Antonella Lopez ◽

Alessandro O. Caffò ◽

Andrea Bosco

Keyword(s):

Spatial Relation ◽

The Impact

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The Influence of Functional Relations on Spatial Term Selection

Psychological Science ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00667.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 56-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Laura A. Carlson-Radvansky ◽

Gabriel A. Radvansky

Keyword(s):

Functional Relation ◽

Spatial Relation ◽

Spatial Term ◽

Spatial Expression ◽

Term Selection ◽

Functional Relations ◽

Selection Of

Expressions describing the spatial relation between two objects can be interpreted from a perspective defined by the objects (intrinsic) or by the viewer or the environment (deictic-extrinsic) Identifying the factors that govern the selection of one perspective over another is an important step in understanding the interaction between language and perception In two experiments, we explored the influence of a functional relation between two objects on the formulation of a spatial expression relating the objects Both rating and production tasks showed that people preferred to use intrinsic descriptions in the presence of a functional relation and deictic-extrinsic descriptions in the absence of such a relation These results suggest that contextual aspects of the scene influence spatial term selection

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Goal, source, and route preverbs in Latin: their interaction with spatial datives

The Linguistic Review ◽

10.1515/tlr-2021-2064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Víctor Acedo-Matellán

Keyword(s):

Spatial Relation ◽

Spatial Relations ◽

Syntactic Analysis ◽

Dative Case ◽

Configurational Theory

Abstract Prefixed verbs in Latin may take an argument in the dative case, interpreted as the ground of the spatial relation codified by the preverb. This phenomenon is constrained by the semantics of that spatial relation: while preverbs encoding a location, a goal, or a source of motion generally accept the dative argument, preverbs encoding a route do not. I propose a syntactic analysis of this phenomenon, framed within the Spanning framework. I assume an analysis of the spatial dative as an applied argument interpreted as a possessor of the final location of motion. Developing a configurational theory of spatial relations, I show how only the syntax-semantics of the preverbs interpreted as encoding a location, be this final (a goal), initial (a source), or unrelated to motion (a static location), is compatible with the projection of an Appl(icative)P integrating the dative argument. By the same token, pure route preverbs, involving a path but not a location, are correctly predicted to disallow the projection of ApplP, and hence the spatial dative.

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