Clinical Anatomy of the Venous System of the Lower Extremity

2015 ◽  
pp. 4279-4288
Author(s):  
Alberto Caggiati
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Clinical Anatomy

The hemodynamic effects of pregnancy on the lower extremity venous system

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Taylor ◽  
Caitlin W. Hicks ◽  
Jennifer A. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects

The superficial venous system of the lower extremity: new nomenclature

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kachlik ◽  
V Pechacek ◽  
V Baca ◽  
V Musil
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Consensus Document ◽  
Anatomical Terminology ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Anatomical Nomenclature

The phlebology in the area of lower limbs is the only medical field in which the terminological needs of clinicians were met. Ten years ago, the latest revision of the Latin anatomical nomenclature, Terminologia Anatomica (TA), was issued. But almost none of the chapters reflected the clinicians' need to be a relevant theoretical base for correct diagnostics and appropriate treatment. In 2001, during the 14th World Congress of the International Union of Phlebology, a consensus document (under the auspices of Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology and International Federation of Associations of Anatomists) was laid to expand the nomenclature of the lower extremity venous system. Some terms have been changed and several new have been added, corresponding to their clinical significance and anatomical positions. Sixteen new terms have been added in both Latin and English languages in the chapter concerning the superficial veins of the lower limb. This consensus document will be incorporated into the next version of the TA. The international anatomical nomenclature serves as a communication base for research, diagnostic, therapy and information exchange in phlebological sciences.

A Novel Scoring System for Lower-extremity Venous Pathology Analysed Using Magnetic Resonance Venography and Duplex Ultrasound

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
C W K P Arnoldussen ◽  
I Toonder ◽  
C H A Wittens
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Venography ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease

Objectives: To present a novel scoring system for lower-extremity venous pathology (the LOVE score) and our experiences using it in our clinical practice to identify venous pathology with duplex ultrasound (DUS) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Method: A total of 40 patients, 30 suspected of chronic venous disease and 10 with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were examined from the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the popliteal vein using DUS and MRV. The image findings were reported using the LOVE score. Results The majority of deep veins (368 out of 378 segments) were completely visualized by both our imaging techniques and could be analysed using the LOVE score. Both imaging techniques reported comparable findings with regard to the visualization of thrombus, obstruction, collaterals, trabeculations, anatomic variations and central venous compression (e.g. May–Thurner). Conclusions: The LOVE score can be used to expand and standardize the documentation of imaging the deep venous system beyond thrombosis, to help identify (optimal) treatment options in patients with venous disease, in both the clinical and research setting. This first assessment shows that both DUS and MRV are capable of systematically identifying a multitude of changes in the venous system.

scholarly journals Morphological and diagnostic parallels in the pathology of the lower extremity veins in patients with purulent-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
G. A. Smirnov ◽  
V. V. Petrova ◽  
V. P. Akimov
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Diabetic Foot Syndrome ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Extremity Veins

Objective: to study the peculiarities of the state of the lower extremities venous system in patients with complicated diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). Materials and methods. The study group – 106 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and purulent-necrotic complications of DFS treated in the surgical department of the St. Petersburg State Medical Academy in 2009-2014. 30 preparations of the lower extremities obtained as a result of amputations in patients with purulent-necrotic complications of DFS and from corpses after autopsy. Conducted a macroscopic study of the lower extremities veins with a visual assessment of the changes and microscopic examination with the staining of histological preparations with hematoxylin and eosin, according to Van Gieson and Masson; ultrasound duplex examination (ultrasound) of the lower extremities veins in patients with DFS according to the standard protocol. Results. Macroscopic evaluation in 90.0 % of cases revealed an excess of extracellular fluid (edema) of the extremities tissues. An analysis of the ultrasound findings of the lower extremity veins demonstrates the presence of lymphostasis in patients with diabetes in 83.0 %. In the overwhelming majority of preparations of vessels of the extremities with DFS (97.0%), a segmental expansion of the venous lumen was detected. Such a change can be the cause of cases detected during ultrasound in 60.0% and 73.0%, respectively, of dilatation of the veins and valvular insufficiency. In both morphological and ultrasound studies in no more than 15.0% of cases, the expansion sites were in the superficial veins, and fragments of an increase in the diameter of the lumen of the deep veins were found in 60.0% of patients, which demonstrates the likely difference in the nature of changes in the veins in diabetes and with varicose veins. In macroscopic and then histological studies, pronounced intramural and parabasal fibrosis of venous vessels was found in 37.0 0% and in 67.0 0% of cases, respectively. A rather specific feature to characterize the lesion of the venous system in diabetes is an increase in sonographic density of paravasal tissues, especially around the veins of the deep system (about 35.0% of observations). The findings of the ultrasound study describe the incompressibility of a vein or a decrease in its elasticity in the absence of data on the presence of a local thrombus, signs of current or resolved phlebothrombosis in 29.0% of cases in patients with DFS, which exceeds the general population frequency of this pathology even by the highest estimates of researchers. A morphological study of blood clots in venous vessels was found in 57.0% of observations, which may be due to the clinical insignificance or difficulty of visualizing small parietal thrombi and blood clots of small diameter venous vessels, but it confirms both complex disorders of the hemostatic system in diabetes and changes in venous walls predisposing to intravascular thrombosis. Conclusion. Patients with purulent-necrotic complications of DFS in most cases have signs of damage to the lower extremities venous vessels, it is specific. Standard duplex ultrasound can detect these changes.

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