Large Scale Modes of Ocean Surface Temperature Since the Late Nineteenth Century

1999 ◽  
pp. 73-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Folland ◽  
D. E. Parker ◽  
A. W. Colman ◽  
R. Washington
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The Revolutionary Base Areas of Can Vuong Movement in Quang Nam

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen Minh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Military ◽  
Late Nineteenth

After failing to attack on French military at Kham Su and Mang Ca on July 5, 1885, Ton That Thuyet took the Emperor Ham Nghi into hiding, and then later led the Can Vuong movement which was a large-scale Vietnamese patriotic movement. Quang Nam is one of the regions that strongly responded to the Can Vuong movement under the leadership of Nghia Hoi. The process of operation and development of the Can Vuong movement in Quang Nam pertained to the revolutionary base areas and names of many politicians. This research investigates the revolutionary base areas of the Can Vuong movement in Quang Nam, and also clarifies the contribution of the Can Vuong movement in Quang Nam to the Can Vuong movement of our country in the late nineteenth century.

Dazzling the Multitude Original Media Spectacles

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Marvin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
Point To Point

Anthropologists and literary theorists are fond of emphasizing the particularistic and dramatic dimensions of lived communication. The particularistic dimension of communication is constituted in whatever of its aspects have the most individually intimate meaning for us. The dramatic dimension is the shared emotional character of a communicated message, displayed and sometimes exaggerated for consumption by a public. Its dramatic appeal and excitement depend partly on the knowledge that others are also watching with interest. Such dimensions have little in common with abstractions about information and efficiency that characterize contemporary discussion about new communications technologies, but may be closer to the real standards by which we judge media and the social worlds they invade, survey, and create. Media, of course, are devices that mediate experience by re-presenting messages originally in a different mode. In the late nineteenth century, experts convinced of the power of new technologies to repackage human experience and to multiply it for many presentations labored to enhance the largest, most dramatically public of messages, and the smallest, most intimately personal ones, by applying new media technologies to a range of modes from private conversation to public spectacle, that special large-scale display event intended for performance before spectators. In the late nineteenth century, intimate communication at a distance was achieved, or at least approximated, by the fledgling telephone. The telephone of this era was not a democratic medium. Spectacles, by contrast, were easily accessible and enthusiastically relished by their nineteenth-century audiences. Their drama was frequently embellished by illuminated effects that inspired popular fantasies about message systems of the future, perhaps with giant beams of electric light projecting words and images on the clouds. Mass distribution of electric messages in this fashion was indeed one pole of the range of imaginative possibilities dreamt by our ancestors for twentieth-century communication. Equally absorbing was the fantasy of effortless point-to-point communication without wires, where no physical obstacle divided the sympathy of minds desiring mutual communion.

scholarly journals Improvements to NOAA’s Historical Merged Land–Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (1880–2006)

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2283-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Smith ◽  
Richard W. Reynolds ◽  
Thomas C. Peterson ◽  
Jay Lawrimore
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anomaly Analysis ◽  
Global Surface ◽  
Incomplete Sampling

Abstract Observations of sea surface and land–near-surface merged temperature anomalies are used to monitor climate variations and to evaluate climate simulations; therefore, it is important to make analyses of these data as accurate as possible. Analysis uncertainty occurs because of data errors and incomplete sampling over the historical period. This manuscript documents recent improvements in NOAA’s merged global surface temperature anomaly analysis, monthly, in spatial 5° grid boxes. These improvements allow better analysis of temperatures throughout the record, with the greatest improvements in the late nineteenth century and since 1985. Improvements in the late nineteenth century are due to improved tuning of the analysis methods. Beginning in 1985, improvements are due to the inclusion of bias-adjusted satellite data. The old analysis (version 2) was documented in 2005, and this improved analysis is called version 3.

Remembering Anna Ott

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Kim E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Nineteenth Century United States

This chapter analyses the messy impact of historical forces such as ableism, patriarchy, and institutionalization on Ott’s life. The justifying logic imbedded in her diagnosis and prescriptive institutionalization (re)wrote her life story—her past, her future, and how she would be remembered. The ableism undergirding Ott’s insanity diagnosis permeated legal, familial, and activist contexts both outside and inside the walls of medicine in the late nineteenth-century United States. The chapter then argues for biography as a powerful methodology to forefront lived experiences while simultaneously embedding those lived experiences in large-scale social and historical structures.

Business, Nationality and Dependency in Late Nineteenth Century Brazil

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene W. Ridings
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Big Business ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth

‘No one is unaware,’ stated Brazil's Minister of Finance Ruj Barbosa in 1891, ‘that commerce, especially large-scale commerce, in our most important trade centers resides in greatest part, not to say in its near entirety, in the hands of foreigners.’ Rui was calling attention to a situation of increasing concern to Brazilian leaders: the preponderance of foreigners in big business. Another Brazilian Minister of Finance, Felisbello Freire, remarked on the subject in 1894, ‘to my mind this phenomenon is an indication of a subjugation which, dating from colonial times, threatens the annulment of native commerce.’.

‘This Life of Misery and Shame’: Female Prostitution in Guatemala City, 1880–1920

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McCreery
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Guatemala City ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact

A number of recent studies1 suggest that prostitution – ‘The act or practice of indulging in promiscuous sexual relations, especially for money’2 – in western society increased dramatically in the late nineteenth century, both in real terms and in popular consciousness. ‘Large scale, conspicuous prostitution’, they argue, ‘was a by-product of the first, explosive stage in the growth of the modern, industrial city…’ It is a proposition of this article that such changes were, in fact, far more widespread. From the evidence of Guatemala it appears that prostitution also increased during these years in agricultural export societies. Under the impact of demands from industrializing nations, colonial and neo-colonial regimes overhauled domestic economic and social structures to increase raw material and food production for export. Unprecedented but unstable economic prosperity, urbanization, and the social disorganization resulting from the implementation of systems of forced labour and removal from the land created a climate propitious for an increase in and institutionalization of commerical sex. This paper is an examination of the growth of female prostitution in late nineteenth-century Guatemala City, of the situation and attitudes of the women involved, and of state efforts to control the traffic. More broadly, it argues that attempts to regulate prostitution must be understood as part of a liberal drive to mobilize and control society as a whole in the interest of a class-defined vision of national development.

Colonial Zaytuna: The Making of a Minaret in French-Occupied Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-221
Author(s):  
Sihem Lamine
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
French Protectorate

Abstract In March 1892, eleven years after the establishment of the French protectorate in Tunisia, a congregation of ulemas, religious scholars, and students, as well as representatives of the waqf administration (Jamʿiyyat al-Awqāf) gathered in the ṣaḥn of the Zaytuna Mosque to lay the cornerstone of a new minaret. The pre-exiting tower, whose latest major renovations dated from the seventeenth-century Ottoman Muradid times, was deemed hazardous; it was therefore entirely demolished and replaced by a large-scale replica of the nearby Hafsid Kasbah Mosque of Tunis. The new minaret of the Zaytuna Mosque rose in tandem with the Saint Vincent de Paul Cathedral of Tunis, and simultaneously with the nascent French neighborhoods of Tunis outside and along the medina walls. This article explores the intricate and fascinating context of the construction of a monumental minaret in a city that was gradually severing ties with its Ottoman past and surrendering to a newly established colonial rule. It questions the role and aspirations of the French administration in the minaret project, the reasons that led to the revival of the Almohad architectural style in the late nineteenth-century Maghrib, and the legacy left by the re-appropriation of this style in North Africa.

scholarly journals Colonial sugar production in the Spanish Philippines: Calamba and Negros compared

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomeno V. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Enclave Economy

This article presents two modes of export-oriented sugar hacienda production in the late-nineteenth-century Spanish Philippines. The Hacienda de Calamba epitomised a large-scale estate under a religious corporation; it was an enclave economy reliant on local capital and technology. In contrast, Negros showcased a range of haciendas of varying sizes in a frontier setting involving different ethnicities and supported by capital and technology mediated directly by foreign merchant houses. In both locations sugar planters opposed the colonial state, but whereas leaseholders in Calamba, led by Rizal's family, became intentionally political in their resistance, in Negros planters engaged in a persistent and calibrated evasion of the state.

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