The Chemical History of the Atmosphere: Self-Organizing Processes and Biological Consequences

2000 ◽  
pp. 59-90
Author(s):  
G. Beckmann ◽  
B. Klopries ◽  
H. Hämmerle ◽  
O. Inacker ◽  
P. Smolka
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
Chemical History ◽  
Self Organizing

The Chemical History of Morphine: An 8000-year Journey, from Resin to de-novo Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Brook ◽  
Jessica Bennett ◽  
Sukumar P. Desai
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical History

scholarly journals Convective Overshooting: New Integrated Colours vs Age Relations for Star Clusters

1986 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 511-512
Author(s):  
G. Bertelli ◽  
A.G. Bressan ◽  
C. Chiosi ◽  
E. Nasi ◽  
L. Pigatto
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Star Cluster ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical History ◽  
Nearby Galaxies ◽  
Age Relations

If the integrated colours of a star cluster mainly depend on chemical composition and age, then theoretical calibrations of colours as function of age for different chemical compositions are very useful to obtain quantitative determinations of the age and composition of individual clusters, and thus to trace the chemical history of nearby galaxies. Several calibration curves exist in the literature which rest on the standard theory of stellar evolution. However, a growing amount of observational evidence seems to indicate that overshooting from convective cores may be an important phenomenon in stellar evolution. In fact models computed with overshooting are significantly different from the standard ones. The aim of this preliminary investigation is to study the effects of convective overshooting on the integrated colours of clusters whose turnoff mass is in that range in which convective overshooting is effective.

scholarly journals Iron abundance distribution in the hot gas of merging galaxy clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. A31 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Urdampilleta ◽  
F. Mernier ◽  
J. S. Kaastra ◽  
A. Simionescu ◽  
J. de Plaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Iron Abundance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical History ◽  
Lower Entropy ◽  
Abundance Profile ◽  
Low Entropy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

We present XMM-Newton/EPIC observations of six merging galaxy clusters and study the distributions of their temperature, iron (Fe) abundance and pseudo-entropy along the merging axis. For the first time, we focused simultaneously, and in a comprehensive way, on the chemical and thermodynamic properties of the newly collided intra cluster medium (ICM). The Fe distribution of these clusters along the merging axis is found to be in good agreement with the azimuthally-averaged Fe abundance profile in typical non-cool-core clusters out to r500. In addition to showing a moderate central abundance peak, though less pronounced than in relaxed systems, the Fe abundance flattens at large radii towards ∼0.2−0.3 Z⊙. Although this shallow metal distribution is in line with the idea that disturbed, non-cool-core clusters originate from the merging of relaxed, cool-core clusters, we find that in some cases, remnants of metal-rich and low entropy cool cores can persist after major mergers. While we obtain a mild anti-correlation between the Fe abundance and the pseudo-entropy in the (lower entropy, K = 200−500 keV cm2) inner regions, no clear correlation is found at (higher entropy, K = 500−2300 keV cm2) outer radii. The apparent spatial abundance uniformity that we find at large radii is difficult to explain through an efficient mixing of freshly injected metals, particularly in systems for which the time since the merger is short. Instead, our results provide important additional evidence in favour of the early enrichment scenario in which the bulk of the metals are released outside galaxies at z >  2−3, and extend it from cool-core and (moderate) non-cool-core clusters to a few of the most disturbed merging clusters as well. These results constitute a first step toward a deeper understanding of the chemical history of merging clusters.

The chemical history of color

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (09) ◽  
pp. 50-5006-50-5006
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
Chemical History

The notion of personality: historical and recent perspectives

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara
Keyword(s):  
Social Conditions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Life Paths ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Organizing

To the scientist, personality is the complexity of psychological structures and processes that contribute to the unity and continuity of individual conduct and experience. Personality psychologists explore the mechanisms that mediate person–environment transactions and the ways in which these psychological mechanisms give rise to the uniqueness of each person. This paper reviews the history of the discipline of personality psychology and the current status of the field. It urges investigators to attend to the proactive, self-regulatory features of personality. People are self-organizing, proactive beings, not just reactive organisms. Self-reflective and self-regulatory capabilities enable people to shape the nature of their experiences and life paths. This potentialist view of personality enables one to identify and promote the social conditions required for the full realization of human capacities.

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