Transfusion-Acquired HIV Infection Among Immunocompromised Hosts

1987 ◽  
pp. 410-413
Author(s):  
R. Marlink ◽  
K. Anderson ◽  
M. Essex ◽  
J. Groopman
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

scholarly journals Refractory pharyngeal ulceration due to cytomegalovirus in a patient with HIV infection: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morichika Osa ◽  
Akihiro Sato ◽  
Maki Sakagami ◽  
Masaki Machida ◽  
Takao Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Nonspecific Inflammation

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen among immunocompromised hosts. Typically, CMV in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes diseases of the retina, digestive tract, lungs and liver, but there are few cases of CMV infection of the pharynx and larynx. Case presentation A 57-year-old man with HIV infection was admitted because of pharyngeal pain. Before and after admission, pharyngeal biopsies guided by laryngeal endoscopy were performed four times, but pathological examination showed nonspecific inflammation, and the cause of pharyngeal ulceration was unclear. Additionally, the ulceration deteriorated after initiation of retroviral therapy. Laryngomicrosurgery was conducted under general anesthesia to remove tissue, and pathological diagnosis confirmed CMV infection. Pathological features included enlargement of the cytoplasm and nucleus in infected cells, and intranuclear bodies called owl’s eye inclusions. Ganciclovir dramatically improved the symptoms and laryngoscopic findings. Conclusions This case was diagnosed as pharyngitis and pharyngeal ulceration caused by CMV infection, related to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. In previous reports of CMV-induced pharyngeal or laryngeal ulceration in HIV infection, we found six cases similar to our present case. All cases were diagnosed by biopsy. The present case indicates the importance of biopsy for definitive diagnosis. CMV infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis of pharyngeal ulceration in patients with HIV infection.

scholarly journals Mycetoma in an HIV-infected patient

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz G. M. Castro ◽  
Neusa Y. S. Valente ◽  
José Antônio M. Germano ◽  
Elisabeth M. Heins Vaccari ◽  
Carlos da Silva Lacaz
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Unusual Site ◽  
Infection Diagnosis ◽  
Precise Identification ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Although oportunistic fungal infections occur commonly in immunocompromised hosts, mycetoma has never been reported in association with HIV infection. The authors present a case that to their knowledge is the first reported case of mycetoma associated with HIV infection. Diagnosis was confirmed by direct examination of grains and histologic examination. Precise identification of the agent, an actinomycete, was not possible. The unusual site of infection may probably be related to the use of contaminated needless and sirynges for HIV drug injection.

Deficient expression of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in immunocompromised hosts: translational potential of replacement therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 994-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine D. Palmer ◽  
Eva C. Guinan ◽  
Ofer Levy
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Immunocompromised Patient ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

BPI (bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein) is a 55 kDa anti-infective molecule expressed in neutrophil and eosinophil granules and on some epithelial cells. BPI's high affinity for the lipid A region of endotoxin targets its opsonizing, microbicidal and endotoxin-neutralizing activities towards Gram-negative bacteria. Several immunocompromised patient populations demonstrate BPI deficiency, including newborns, those with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (as in cystic fibrosis and HIV infection) and those exposed to radiochemotherapy. BPI may be replenished by administering agents that induce its expression or by administration of recombinant BPI congeners, potentially shielding BPI-deficient individuals against Gram-negative bacterial infection, endotoxemia and its toxic sequelae.

Management of diarrhoea in HIV-infected patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 630-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal K Mitra ◽  
Charles D Hernandez ◽  
Charlene A Hernandez ◽  
Zubair Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can weaken the immune system causing its inability to combat opportunistic infections. Managing the complexity of these opportunistic infections has created a challenge for healthcare professionals. Our knowledge on the aetiological agents causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts has increased over the last decade. Diarrhoeal diseases are frequent complications associated with HIV-infected patients. For most of the causes of diarrhoea, the clinical signs are non-specific, and the laboratory diagnostic workup is neither easy nor fast. This review provides data on aetiological approaches of common diarrhoeal diseases including viral, microbacterial, parasitic, bacterial and fungal infections, and HIV enteropathy; diagnostic evaluation; and treatment of diarrhoea in HIV-infected patients. This article will be helpful for those who are in the practice of managing diarrhoea in such patients.

Myelodysplastic features in patients with long-term HIV infection and haemophilia

Haemophilia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Katsarou ◽  
E. Terpos ◽  
E. Patsouris ◽  
P. Peristeris ◽  
N. Viniou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection

Behavioural risk factors for HIV infection amongst blood donors in London

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Cowan ◽  
A. M. Johnson ◽  
J. Wadsworth ◽  
M. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Ryan ◽  
Edward Connor ◽  
Anthony Minnefor ◽  
Frank Desposito ◽  
James Oleske
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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