Nerve Blocks in the Treatment of Acute Pain

1993 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
P. H. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Nerve Blocks

Acute pain management in trauma: anatomy, ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks and special considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodosios Saranteas ◽  
Iosifina Koliantzaki ◽  
Olga Savvidou ◽  
Marina Tsoumpa ◽  
Georgia Eustathiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Acute Pain Management ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Multimodal Approach to Acute Pain Management after Nuss Bar Placement and Other Pain Scenarios

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina D. Diaz ◽  
Steven J. Weisman
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Behavioral Modification ◽  
Patient Controlled Analgesia ◽  
Acute Pain Management ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Oral Pain ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Oral Pain Medication

Acute pain management can involve regional blocks with local anesthetics, neuraxial blocks such as caudal blocks and epidurals, oral and intravenous opioids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Other pain management modalities include neuropathic pain medications, muscle relaxants, antidepressants, acupuncture, techniques for stress relief, and behavioral modification therapy. While there are many options for treating a patient’s pain, the best approach is to understand the symptoms, attempt to determine the cause of the pain, and understand the patient’s goals with regard to treatment. This chapter discusses the multimodal acute pain management for a case of Nuss bar placement, utilizing an epidural, patient-controlled analgesia, and oral pain medication. The chapter has an additional scenario discussing neuraxial analgesia and nerve blocks for a hypospadias repair in an infant. Finally, the third case-based discussion focuses on the treatment of common types of headaches.

Effect of Sympathetic Nerve Block on Acute Inflammatory Pain and Hyperalgesia

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juri L. Pedersen ◽  
George W. Rung ◽  
Henrik Kehlet
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Block ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Secondary Hyperalgesia ◽  
Sympathetic Block ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Medial Surfaces

Background Sympathetic nerve blocks relieve pain in certain chronic pain states, but the role of the sympathetic pathways in acute pain is unclear. Thus the authors wanted to determine whether a sympathetic block could reduce acute pain and hyperalgesia after a heat injury in healthy volunteers. Methods The study was made as a randomized, single blinded investigation, in which the volunteers served as their own controls. A lumbar sympathetic nerve block and a contralateral placebo block were performed in 24 persons by injecting 10 ml bupivacaine (0.5%) and 10 ml saline, respectively. The duration and quality of blocks were evaluated by the sympatogalvanic skin response and skin temperature. Bilateral heat injuries were produced on the medial surfaces of the calves with a 50 x 25 mm thermode (47 degrees C, 7 min) 45 min after the blocks. Pain intensity induced by heat, pain thresholds to thermal and mechanical stimulation, and secondary hyperalgesia were assessed before block, after block, and 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after the heat injuries. Results Of the 24 volunteers, eight were excluded because of somatic block or incomplete sympathetic block. The study revealed no significant differences between sympathetic block and placebo for pain or mechanical allodynia during injury, or pain thresholds, pain responses to heat, or areas of secondary hyperalgesia after the injury. The comparisons were done for the period when the block was effective. Conclusion Sympathetic nerve block did not change acute inflammatory pain or hyperalgesia after a heat injury in human skin.

Acute Pain Medicine Services

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Alicia Lopez Warlick ◽  
W. Michael Bullock ◽  
Padma Gulur
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
Pain Medicine ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Pain Specialist ◽  
Measuring Outcomes ◽  
Block Area

This chapter discusses how defining the structure and procedures of an acute pain service (APS) is essential to its success. The regional anesthesiologist will lead the efforts, choosing specific peripheral nerve blocks and multimodal analgesic techniques in the preoperative block area and continuing care in the operating room and later in the postoperative area. The APS extends to the patient floors, where a pain management plan is established by the acute pain specialist and augmented by knowledgeable practitioners in this area. Measuring outcomes such as pain scores and functional status is important; such data should be collected and reported to keep the goals of the APS patient centered and to demonstrate value for the hospital. Finally, the goals of the APS should align with the clinical and financial goals of the hospital it serves.

Postoperative pain

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Myocardial Ischaemia ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multimodal Analgesia ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Acute Pain Service ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Mentally Impaired

This chapter begins with a list of pain principles. It goes on to describe misunderstandings about pain and guidelines are given for diagnosing non-surgical causes of pain, such as myocardial ischaemia. Gauging the severity of pain and using pain scales are explained as well as the use of an acute pain service. Different techniques are described for assessing pain in different groups including the elderly, neonates, and the mentally impaired. Pre-emptive analgesia and multimodal analgesia are discussed. Suggestions for looking after patients with nerve blocks and day surgery patients are offered.

scholarly journals Acute pain responses in dairy calves undergoing cornual nerve blocks with or without topical anesthetic

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 3431-3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyna E. Jimenez ◽  
Sarah J.J. Adcock ◽  
Cassandra B. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Topical Anesthetic ◽  
Pain Responses

Evaluation of Occipital Nerve Blocks for Acute Pain Relief of Migraines

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-383
Author(s):  
Alex M. Ebied ◽  
Duong T. Nguyen ◽  
Tanaka Dang
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Occipital Nerve

Chronic Pain After Cardiac Surgery

2019 ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Jennette D. Hansen ◽  
Mark A. Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Multimodal Analgesia ◽  
Minimally Invasive Techniques ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Blocks ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Chronic pain after cardiac surgery can impair quality of life and rehabilitation. Chronic pain is difficult to study, and depending on how patients are questioned, the incidence of chronic pain after sternotomy is between 17% and 56%, and chronic pain after thoracotomy is between 15% and 80%. Several risk factors are independent predictors for the development of chronic pain. In recent years, minimally invasive techniques have been utilized in cardiac surgery patients to potentially minimize pain and to decrease length of stay in the hospital. At this point in time, no single regimen has been proven superior at preventing chronic pain. An aim to treat acute pain without delaying extubation has been the recent focus of pain management, with research in neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks. In addition, multimodal analgesia is key for treatment of acute pain to allow patients to deep breathe, cough, and ambulate comfortably without respiratory depression. Some believe treatment of acute pain leads to less development of chronic pain; however, this has not yet been definitively proven.

Postoperative pain

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Anne Craig ◽  
Anthea Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Myocardial Ischaemia ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multimodal Analgesia ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Acute Pain Service ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Mentally Impaired

This chapter begins with a list of pain principles. It goes on to describe misunderstandings about pain and guidelines are given for diagnosing non-surgical causes of pain, such as myocardial ischaemia. Gauging the severity of pain and using pain scales are explained as well as the use of an acute pain service. Different techniques are described for assessing pain in different groups including the elderly, neonates, and the mentally impaired. Pre-emptive analgesia and multimodal analgesia are discussed. Suggestions for looking after patients with nerve blocks and day surgery patients are offered.

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