Septal panniculitis as manifestation of COVID-19: own data

Objective: to study the clinical and laboratory features of erythema nodosum (EN) in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 referred to a rheumatological center.Patients and methods. During 2020–2021 years 21 patients (18 women and 3 men, mean age 43.2±11.4 years) with EN and polyarthralgia/arthritis were examined. Depending on the time of EN and articular syndrome associated with COVID-19 development, patients were divided into three groups: 1) up to 4 weeks – acute COVID (symptoms potentially associated with infection); 2) from 4 to 12 weeks – ongoing symptomatic COVID and 3) more than 12 weeks – post-COVID syndrome (persistent symptoms not associated with an alternative diagnosis). All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination, including ultrasound of the joints and chest computed tomography (CT), as well as pathomorphological examination of skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue from the site of the node (in 9 cases). Results and discussion. Based on the anamnesis data, COVID-19 in the study cohort had mild (in 13 patients) and moderate (in 8) severity. Two patients (21 years old and 23 years old) with mild severity of the disease noted red painful (45 mm on the visual analogue scale of pain) nodes on the legs and polyarthralgia for the first time on the 2nd – 3rd day from respiratory symptoms onset. In 9 (52.3%) patients, mainly with a mild course, similar skin changes were detected 24.5±7.6 days after active COVID-19 relieve, i.e. during the period of ongoing symptomatic COVID. In 8 (38%) patients, including 6 with moderate severity of the disease, the appearance of nodes was noted after 85.6±12.3 days, which corresponded to the post-COVID syndrome.At the time of examination, complaints of skin rashes and joint pain were reported in 100 and 71.4% of patients, respectively. 67% of patients had shortness of breath, weakness, cough, sweating and myalgia. Subfebrile fever had 5 (24%) patients, mainly with ongoing symptomatic COVID (3 patients). In the overwhelming majority of cases (86%), EN was located on the anterior and lateral surfaces of shins, less often on the posterior and medial surfaces. It is noteworthy that the affection of more than 50% of the surface of the lower and upper extremities was associated with the number of nodes (p<0.02), the level of CRP (p<0.03) and the presence of post-COVID syndrome (p<0.2). Fifteen (71.4%) patients had arthralgias, mainly of ankle (80%) and knee (53.3%) joints.Laboratory abnormalities included: median ESR was 34 [12; 49] mm/h, CRP level – 9 [2; 32] mg/l. The results of the polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 were negative in all patients. In 100% of cases IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected and in 52.3% – IgM antibodies. On chest CT 5% lung affection was detected in 43% of patients, 5–25% lesion in 57.1% of patients, 8 (38%) of whom were with post-COVID syndrome. Pathomorphological examination of the nodes showed signs of septal panniculitis.Conclusion. When EN, associated with SARS-CoV-2 appears it is important to suspect a post-infectious manifestation in time, based on the clinical picture of the disease and to determine the scope of further examination and adequate treatment.

Personalized reconstructive and plastic approach in the surgical treatment of vulvar cancer

Introduction. The choice of a rational method of treatment in vulvar cancer is one of the most actual and difficult problems of modern clinical oncology. In the majority of cases vulvar cancer occurs in elderly and senile patients, as well as in some patients with locally advanced form. The aim of the investigation was to assess the possibility of reconstruction after surgical treatment of vulvar cancer.Materials and Methods. A study was conducted involving 151 patients with squamous cell vulvar cancer in whom the gynecological oncology department of Chelyabinsk regional clinical center of oncology and nuclear medicine performed surgical treatment by various methods in the following volume: dilated vulvectomy with the resection of adjacent anatomical structures with reconstructive and plastic component.Results. The original ways of plasty of the postoperative wound after vulvectomy were evaluated, the minimum risk of complications was revealed. The presented technologies permit to use additional variants of the wound defect reconstruction and have a number of advantages in comparison with two dermalfascial flaps from the medial surfaces of the femur used earlier. Discussion. Studies have shown that vulvar reconstruction using skin flaps can avoid complications and improve patients' quality of life. Reconstruction with flaps is not currently an accepted standard of treatment for vulvar cancer. Conclusion. The methods of the wound defect closure are possible after radical vulvectomy in patients with squamous cell vulvar cancer and resection of adjacent anatomical structures without reduction of surgical treatment volume. These methods of wound defect closure contribute to the reduction of postoperative complications and significantly reduce postoperative stay in a medical institution.

Histological, Morphometrical and Topographical Study of Sebaceous and Sweat Glands in the Skin of Local Black Males Goat

The aim of this study was to add more information in the field of knowledge regarding the skin structures of a local black goat. topographical, histological and morphometrical studies were carried out in twelve certain different areas of the skin using twenty healthy adult male goats in the autumn season. Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and Masson's Trichrome stain were used for all samples. Results; that the sebaceous glands are composed of clusters of pale staining epithelial cells that located within the dermis and accompanied all primary and some of the secondary follicles. depending on skin area, the sebaceous glands were large in the skin of muzzle, scrotum, abdomen, the medial surface of the limbs and the abdominal surface of the ear. while their sizes are decreased in the skin of tail, lateral surfaces of limbs and dorsal aspect of ear skin. The size of sebaceous glands were inversely proportional to the hair density. The sweat glands except in the skin tail were apical secretion type, while their levels within the beneath of dermis and their density were varied according to the skin area. the skin of muzzle, tail, dorsal surface of the ear had high glandular density followed by the skin of cranial and middle back in addition to lateral surfaces of limbs. Less glandular density was found in the abdominal surface of ear, abdomen, medial surfaces of limbs and scrotum. In addition to the apocrine sweat glands, serous tubular acinus compound glands in the muzzle skin which extended widely beneath of dermis to subdermal layer. these glands were entirely serious excretion units with the main excretory channel that opens directly on the surface of the skin and had no relation with hair follicles.

Incidentally detected pancake kidney:case report of an extremely rare congenital anomaly.

Background:Congenital anomalies of urinary system are very common and have extremely varied presentation. Among them most rarely found structural anomaly is the pancake kidney. When both kidneys are fused along their medial surfaces to form a round shaped single renal mass is termed as Pancake kidney. In this case report, a pancake kidney was incidentally detected in a girl. The majority of subjects who have pancake kidney are usually symptom less but surgeons should be aware of coexisting malformation of other organs and its potential risk of developing malignancy.Case presentation:A 12-year-old young lady attended out-patient department with mild dull aching lower abdominal pain and dysuria. She had no history of fever, haematuria, menstrual abnormality, pelvic inflammatory disease or trauma. Urine examination showed traces of albumin and 10-12 pus cells/ HPF. She had normal kidney function test and digital X-ray of KUB region. A USG of the whole abdomen showed normal intra-abdominal organs except empty bilateral renal fossa. The Multi-Detector Computed Tomography(MDCT) scan of the whole abdomen revealed one round shaped mass measuring approximately 9 cm(vertical) X 10 cm(horizontal), in the pelvic cavity. That mass was finally identified as a pancake kidney. She was prescribed antibiotics based on urine culture, and sensitivity test that cured her symptoms. She was advised to follow-up regularly in Out-Patient Department to evaluate her kidney function and to rule out any neoplastic change.Conclusions: This condition can be managed conservatively, if the subject remains symptom less, by regular monitoring of renal function. Surgeon should remain alert for the development of infections, any obstructive manifestations leading to calculus formation and any malignant changes. The person should be careful in avoiding trauma to low-lying pelvic kidney. Extensive surgeries should be avoided and only selective procedures should be done so that the patient may lead a normal lifestyle.

Cytoplasmic flows caused by actomyosin contraction drive interkinetic nuclear migration

Interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM) is the process by which the nucleus migrates between apical and medial surfaces of pseudostratified epithelia. Previous studies have proposed force generating mechanisms, acting primarily on the nucleus. Having observed in drosophila wing discs that cytoplasmic components (lipid droplets and mitochondria) migrate alongside the nucleus, we used live imaging and particle tracking to demonstrate that the cytoplasm flows are responsible for the nucleus migration. We identify that nuclear migration in mitotic cells is preceded by a fast basal-to-apical flow of cytoplasm occurring over short time scales. We further show that, for the migration of basally located nuclei to an apical position, a slower flow of cytoplasm is responsible over a longer time scale. Our findings indicate that these flows are driven by acto-myosin contractile forces. These flows increase the hydrostatic pressure under the nucleus to exert a lifting force, much like a piston in a hydraulic cylinder.

Topographoanatomic features and histochemical changes in thymus of germ and forebrain in the prenatal period of the human in the prenatal period

In this study, histochemical changes were studied and topographic anatomical relationships of thymus (T) germs and prenatal human fetus in the prenatal period with general histological, cytotoxic and lectinogenic chemical methods were analyzed for the study of the development and the possibility of argumentation of the source of epithelium swelling of the digestive tract; graphic and plastic reconstructions, macroscopic painting. It is established that for organogenesis of T during the embryonic period it is characteristic of: loss of connections with the pharynx, close interaction of paired gums with each other, with topographic anatomically adjacent organs and with vascular-nervous formations of this area (thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx, pharynx, esophagus; aorta, carotid arteries, trunks of the vagus nerve, inferior and superior laryngeal nerves). The dimensions of the rudiments and the form of T of this age period are dynamically changing depending on the process of growth (lowering) of the rudiments. For T the latter are correlated with the formation of large vessels and nerve trunk of the neck. The displacement of the rudiments of the T is by lateral walls of the formed and recognized common carotid arteries and the medial surfaces of the vagus nerves in the ventrocaudal direction. There is an asynchronous lowering of the rudiments of the particles of the T, since the left embryo of the particle with its displacement outstrips the right. It should be noted that during the course of the study we did not detect congenital malformations of the development of T, which, obviously, was the result of the proper selection of the research material and use in the future. Prospects for further development are the study of the laws of the structure and the formation of the fetal gland and structures of different systems in the fetal of human perinatal ontogenesis.

Species-Specific Features of Intraorganic Vascularization of the Tarsal Joint Capsule in Cattle and Canines

The comparative studies of the tarsal joint capsule of cattle (Bos taurus) and canines (Canis lupus) have clarified general patterns of the structural organization of a joint capsule and the species-specific features of its angioarchitectonics. The differences in the formation of the fibroelastic layer and the location of vascular fields in the cases of animals with different stances were established. The zones of intensive intraorganic vascularization of the joint capsule were revealed; that being—the plantar and dorsal surface in the case of cattle, the lateral and medial surfaces—in case of the canine.

Multi-Fidelity Kriging-Based Optimization of Engine Subsystem Models With Medial Meshes

Engine subsystem models are not commonly used in design optimization studies as it is computationally expensive to solve these models for a large number of iterations. To reduce the computational cost of such optimizations, a novel multi-fidelity Kriging-based optimization approach is proposed that uses shell FEMs to provide a low-fidelity response and solid FEMs to provide a high-fidelity response. This marks the first time that shell and solid models are used together in a multi-fidelity surrogate modelling approach. The shell FEMs are generated from medial surfaces that are extracted from solid component geometries in a semi-automatic manner. This approach is applied to a case study for optimizing the intercasing subsystem from the CRESCENDO whole engine model. The results show that the optimum design found by the multi-fidelity Kriging approach was on par with the optimum design found by a single-fidelity Kriging approach using only solid FEMs which is more than twice as expensive to run. The shell and solid FEMs were also shown to be well-correlated such that optimization studies employing only the shell FEMs by themselves could generate designs that are feasible with respect to the design constraints imposed on the solid model.

Gross anatomical and biometrical parameters of hippocampus in Surti buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

The present study was conducted on hippocampus of six adult Surti buffalo. Hippocampus was a small organ located within the medial temporal lobe of the brain. The hippocampus made a curve from the deep face of the piriform lobe around the thalamus and formed the caudal part of the floor of the lateral ventricle. It was separated deeply by the hippocampal fissure from the dentate gyrus. The two hippocampi were connected at their highest parts by transvers fibers which constituted the hippocampal commissure. The hippocampus was as long “C” or small “Y”shaped structure. The ventro-medial hippocampal surface had a deep groove, the hippocampal sulcus, which divided this surface into a lateral and medial surfaces. The ventricular surface of the hippocampus was covered with a thin layer of white matter, the alveus, which arises from the crus of the fornix, and was therefore continuous with the fimbria. Moreover, the uncus was not observed. Several equations showed significant (P less than 0.5) and positive co-relationship between the weight of hippocampus and the weight of brain. The ratio of weight of the hippocampus and weight of the brain was about 1: 37.