Outlines of the Finnish Innovation System: The Institutional Setup and Performance

1994 ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Synnöve Vuori ◽  
Pentti Vuorinen
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Regional Innovation Systems in Poland: How to classify them?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-1003
Author(s):  
Dorota Ciołek ◽  
Anna Golejewska ◽  
Adriana Zabłocka-Abi Yaghi
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Regional Innovation Systems ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
And Performance

The literature emphasises the role of regional and local innovation environment. Regional Innovation Systems show differences in innovation outputs determined by different inputs. Understanding these relationships can have important implications for regional and innovation policy. The research aims to classify Regional Innovation Systems in Poland according to their innovation capacity and performance. The analysis covers 72 subregions (classified as NUTS 3 in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) in 2004–2016. Classes of Regional Innovation Systems in Poland were identified based on a combination of linear and functional approaches and data from published and unpublished sources. It was assumed that innovation systems in Poland differ due to their location in metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions, thus, the Eurostat NUTS 3 metro/non-metro typology was applied for this purpose. Panel data regressions as models with individual random effects were estimated separately for metropolitan and non-metropolitan groups of subregions. The study identified common determinants of innovation outputs in both NUTS 3 types: share of innovative industrial enterprises, industry share, unemployment rate, and employment in research and development. Next, NUTS 3 were classified within each of two analysed types in line with output- and input-indices, the latter being calculated as non-weighted average of significant inputs. Last, the subregions were clustered based on individual inputs to enable a more detailed assessment of their innovation potential. The cluster analysis using k-means method with maximum cluster distance was applied. The results showed that the composition of the classes identified within metropolitan and non-metropolitan systems in 2004– 2016 remains unstable, similarly to the composition of clusters identified by inputs. The latter confirms the changes in components of the capacity within both Regional Innovation System types. The observed situation allows us to assume that Regional Innovation Systems in Poland are evolving. In further research, the efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems should be assessed, taking into account the differences between metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions as well as other environmental factors that may determine the efficiency of innovative processes.

Local innovation system governance and performance: a comparative analysis of Oxfordshire, Stuttgart and Toulouse

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3/4/5/6) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Simmie ◽  
Corinne Siino ◽  
Jean Mark Zuliani ◽  
Guy Jalabert ◽  
Simone Strambach
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals From Catching Up to Convergence of the Latecomer Firms: Comparing Behavior and Innovation Systems of Firms in Korea and the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Buru Im ◽  
Keun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Early Results ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Latecomer Firms ◽  
System Variables

This paper addresses the issue of catching and convergence at the level of firms, and investigates whether Korean firms tend to converge toward mature firms represented by the US firms in terms of their behavior and performance as well as firm-level innovations systems. It conducts regression analyses of several behavior and performance variables, using the data of the Korean and US firms during the 1990s, the 2000s, and 2010s. It finds some evidence of convergence, such that Korean firms become more profitability- rather than growth-oriented, borrowing and investing less, and thus being less indebted. However, they have not changed much in terms of their behavior toward firm values and dividend tendencies. Further analyses, using the patent-derived, innovation system variables, also confirm some aspects of convergence, compared with the early results, for which self-citations become significant and positive for firm values; furthermore, the variable of cycle time of technology is no longer significant for profitability, which is consistent with the results from the US firms. Meanwhile, changes in corporate governance associated with the rise of foreign shareholder are also shown to have resulted in higher profitability but insignificant change in firm values. An emerging conclusion is an ongoing but partially completed process of convergence.

scholarly journals Open innovation and performance in the service sector

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ticiana Braga De Vincenzi ◽  
João Carlos da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
And Performance

Purpose Organizations that decide to invest in innovation must define how this will be done: internally, externally or in a hybrid way, developing internal research and establishing partnerships with other agents of the innovation system. This paper aims to analyze whether the service companies’ intensity of openness and innovation efforts are related to their innovative and financial performances. Open innovation assumes that organizations should use external and internal resources as they develop new technologies. Design/methodology/approach The study used data from the survey of technological innovation (Pintec). As regards innovations, it was considered the commercial and operational innovation performances and the innovative novelty performance. As regards financial performance, it was considered the overall net sales per employee. The intensity of open innovation was measured by the combination of breadth and depth (diversity and importance of the interfaces). The innovative effort was measured by spending on innovation activities. Regressions were applied to evaluate a set of hypotheses. Findings The results indicate that companies with a greater orientation toward open innovation presented better scores. The results also lead to the conclusion that foreign firm ownership structure and being part of a corporate group were the factors that caused the greatest impact on financial performance in the service sector. Practical implications The study provides empirical data on the importance of open innovation in improving organizations' performance, especially the breadth of open innovation. Originality/value The study contributes to expanding the research field addressing the relationship between service innovation and performance.

scholarly journals Digital Entrepreneurship: A Theory-Based Systematization of Core Performance Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya Satalkina ◽  
Gerald Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Socioeconomic System ◽  
New Business ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Digital Entrepreneurship

Digital transformation affects socioeconomic systems, bringing inevitable changes to business processes, particularly those related to resource demands, networking processes, and communication mechanisms within entrepreneurial activities. Furthermore, digital transformation leads to unintended side effects on the societal system and affects the competitiveness, resilience, and viability of the overall innovation system. It also fosters the formation of new business models or the reshaping of existing ones and determines digital entrepreneurship as a process or as an outcome of business activity. The tendencies of digital entrepreneurship differ concerning the underlying innovation system conditions. The analysis and the systematization of categories and performance indicators of digitalization and digital entrepreneurship provide a framework for micro- and macro analytic perspectives. This research aims to provide a theory-based systematization of the existing performance indicators that characterize digital entrepreneurship, with a particular focus on compound indicators that characterize the tendencies of digital entrepreneurship on a country basis in the period from 2016 to 2019. As a theoretical basis for categorization and further analysis of the indicators, we applied a set of 10 determinants of digital entrepreneurship. These determinants cover a broad range of elements (from individual patterns to organizational management processes and the influence of external infrastructure and institutional settings) that define the phenomenon of digital entrepreneurship within three core dimensions: the entrepreneur, the entrepreneurial process, and the relevant ecosystem. We defined how the subindices of the chosen compound indicators are interrelated with the determinants of digital entrepreneurship. Further correlation analysis was applied in order to define the systematic interrelations between the different dimensions of digital entrepreneurship as part of a socioeconomic system.

Competition and Cooperation in South Africa's Biotechnology Sector

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilton Klerck
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Higher Education Partnerships ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biotechnology Sector

This article asserts that the normative, institutional and policy framework of an economy moulds the structure and performance of its innovation system. Three case studies of industry-higher education partnerships in South Africa's biotechnology sector challenge both the notion of a simple convergence within and between national innovation systems and the idea of an unproblematic adoption of ‘best practice’ at the organizational level. The contribution of industry-higher education partnerships to greater economic efficiency is shaped by the social conditions in which they are embedded. Rising levels of competition and new policy initiatives provide the fundamental impetus for collaboration and generate varying patterns of strategic alliances between governmental agencies, industry and higher education institutions.

scholarly journals Effects of internal and external factors on business performance of start-ups in South Korea: The engine of new market dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 184797901882423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Wook Seo ◽  
Yoo Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Start Ups

This study explored the effects of the innovation system of start-ups and community support and resources on business performance of start-up companies using a survey of 213 start-ups across the different industry sectors in South Korea. In this article, we adopt the partial least square of structural equation model for analyzing the structural relationships of venture creation activities. First, the findings show that both the local community support and external partnership have significant impacts on the social norms and performance-based culture, but the path coefficient of local community support is somewhat greater than external partnership. Second, the test results also indicate that discovery and exploitation, which can be recognized as the major factors of innovation system in the start-up companies, are highly associated with their dynamic capabilities. Moreover, the dynamic capabilities can be also affected by the social norms and performance-based culture due to the paradigm of open innovation. Third, with regard to the total effect, the combination of discovery and local community support plays a central role for improving business performance of start-ups amid a rapidly changing market and economic environment.

SOURCES OF INNOVATION CAPABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF ICT AGGLOMERATED MSMEs IN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050032
Author(s):  
OLUSESAN MICHAEL AWOLEYE ◽  
OLUGBENGA MATTHEW ILORI ◽  
TIMOTHY OYEDEPO OYEBISI
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Management ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Geographic Concentration ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
External Sources ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Development Literature

It has been established in both developed and emerging economies that geographic concentration of firms contributed in no small ways to the growth of country’s economy. However, in developing countries like Nigeria, what constitutes innovation capability needed to transform local innovation system towards indigenisation of ICT products among the ICT clustered firms is not known; and where data are available, they are somewhat outdated. This paper therefore presented empirical evidences on Innovation capability among agglomerated MSMEs in Nigeria. The research adapted the 6th Community Innovation Survey (CIS) on 228 owners of ICT clustered enterprises. It was found that nontechnical innovations were more prevalent in the clusters. It was also discovered that firms with appropriate mix of both internal and external sources of Innovation Capability performed better. The research thus added to the body of knowledge in development literature on the role of capability mix in innovation management.

Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
H. M. Thieringer
Keyword(s):  
Objective Lens ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Ray Path ◽  
Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

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