The Role of Global Climate Patterns in the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Vector-Borne Disease

2010 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Linthicum ◽  
Assaf Anyamba ◽  
Jean-Paul Chretien ◽  
Jennifer Small ◽  
Compton J. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Climate Patterns ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Ecology of Francisella tularensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam R. Telford ◽  
Heidi K. Goethert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Enzootic Cycle

Tularemia is a Holarctic zoonosis caused by the gamma proteobacterium Francisella tularensis and is considered to be a vector-borne disease. In many regions, human risk is associated with the bites of flies, mosquitoes, or ticks. But the biology of the agent is such that risk may be fomite related, and large outbreaks can occur due to inhalation or ingestion of contaminated materials. Such well-documented human risk factors suggest a role for these risk factors in the enzootic cycle as well. Many arthropods support the growth or survival of the agent, but whether arthropods (ticks in particular) are obligately required for the perpetuation of F. tularensis remains to be demonstrated. As with most zoonoses, our knowledge of the ecology of F. tularensis has been driven with the objective of understanding human risk. In this review, we focus on the role of the arthropod in maintaining F. tularensis, particularly with respect to long-term enzootic persistence.

Human behaviour trumps entomological risk.

2021 ◽  
pp. 276-282
Author(s):  
Sam Telford
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Many

Abstract This expert opinion argues that human aspects of risk are poorly studied and need to be considered in any discussion of the role of global climate change on risk for vector-borne infections, particularly for those transmitted by ticks. It also covers the many models that are used predict the future distribution of Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections in the USA and elsewhere, based on anticipated changes in weather.

scholarly journals Microplastics Investigation Using Zooplankton Samples from the Coasts of Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2272
Author(s):  
Grigoria Vasilopoulou ◽  
George Kehayias ◽  
Demetris Kletou ◽  
Periklis Kleitou ◽  
Vassilios Triantafyllidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Average Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

The Mediterranean Sea has the highest accumulation of microplastics in the world. Although numerous studies about microplastic’s abundance and distribution have been conducted, the majority sampled surface waters. Especially for the Eastern Mediterranean, there is no information concerning the deeper strata. This study fills this gap by studying the microplastic spatial and temporal distribution along the coasts of Cyprus, utilizing zooplankton samples collected from the entire 0–50 m depth layer. The average microplastics’ abundance was 41.31 ± 22.41 items/m3 indicating that the Eastern Mediterranean seems to be much more polluted than the western basin. The fibers outnumbered the abundance of the fragments by a factor of ten. Most fibers were sized between 0.5 and 1.0 mm, and 81.24% were transparent. The average area of the fragments was ≤0.05 mm2, and most of them were hard-rounded (53.38%). The microplastics to zooplankton ratio ranged between 0.021 and 0.241. A positive correlation was found between the abundance of microplastics and the total zooplankton, especially the copepods. Studies of microplastics in zooplankton samples taken from the water column are expected to provide better insights into the role of these pollutants in marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Article Commentary: Contributions in the First 21st Century Decade to Environmental Health Vector Borne Disease Research

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S2832
Author(s):  
Alice L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Vector Borne

A selective review of recent concepts, events and major recent research methodologies, and educational approaches in the field of vector-borne disease are drawn together in this article. Since vector borne disease is a major contributor to world disease burdens, and also comprises list of neglected diseases, recent research in the field elucidates the uncertain and far-reaching consequences of these diseases to human health and well-being. Some of the specific findings included in this review are the following: Chickungunya virus disease range is changing as a result of global climate change; Tick-borne disease vaccinations are being pursued with the help of PCR techniques; the wide availability of remote sensing and ecology are providing habitat surveillance tools to improve predictability of risk areas; environmental health education approaches are incorporating community and cultural aspects to improve success and reduce risk.

scholarly journals August 2002 Flood in the Czech Republic: Meteorological Causes and Hydrological Response

Geografie ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Jan Daňhelka
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Very High

The paper describes synoptic situations that resulted in heavy precipitation over the SW Bohemia in August 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and its effect on the flood development is explained. Flood peak flows return period reached very high values in the Vltava River catchment and couldn't be largely affected by reservoirs within the catchment. Nevertheless the role of Vltava River Dam Cascade is mentioned as well as the flood forecasting during the flood. We show also some similarities and differences between 2002 and some historical flood.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Rodents During Active and Quiescent Periods in the Plague Focus in Exu, Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Leandro Reis da Silva Fernandes ◽  
Matheus Filgueira Bezerra ◽  
Bruna Mendes Duarte ◽  
Mayara Paes de França Silva ◽  
Hadassa de Almeida Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Wild Rodent ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rodent Populations

The plague caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium is primarily a flea-transmitted zoonosis of rodents that can also be conveyed to humans and other mammals. In this work, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of rodents’ populations during active and quiescent periods of the plague in the municipality of Exu, northeastern Brazil. The geospatial analyses had shown that all rodent species occurred through the whole territory of the municipality with different hotspots for the risk of occurrence of the different species. Important fluctuation in the rodent populations was observed with a reduction in the wild rodent fauna following the end of a plague epidemic period, mostly represented by Necromys lasiurus and increase of the commensally species Rattus rattus. A higher abundance of rats might lead to an increased exposure of humans populations, favoring spillovers of plague and other rodent-borne diseases. Our analysis contributed to further highlight the role of the wild rodent species as the amplifier hosts and of the commensally rats (Rattus rattus) as the preserver hosts on the quiescent period on that transmission infection area.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Rodents during the Epizootic and Enzootic Periods of Plague, with a Focus on Exu, Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Diego Leandro Reis da Silva Fernandes ◽  
Matheus Filgueira Bezerra ◽  
Bruna Mendes Duarte ◽  
Mayara Paes de França Silva ◽  
Hadassa de Almeida Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Wild Rodent ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rodent Populations

The plague caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium is primarily a flea-transmitted zoonosis of rodents that can also be conveyed to humans and other mammals. In this work, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of rodent populations during epizootic and enzootic periods of the plague in the municipality of Exu, northeastern Brazil. The geospatial analyses showed that all the rodent species appeared through the whole territory of the municipality, with different occurrence hotspots for the different species. Important fluctuations in the rodent populations were observed, with a reduction in the wild rodent fauna following the end of a plague epizootic period, mostly represented by Necromys lasiurus and an increase in the commensal species Rattus rattus. A higher abundance of rats might lead to an increased exposure of human populations, favoring spillovers of plague and other rodent-borne diseases. Our analysis highlights the role of wild rodent species as amplifier hosts and of commensal rats (R. rattus) as preserver hosts in the enzootic period of a specific transmission infection area.

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