scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Rodents during the Epizootic and Enzootic Periods of Plague, with a Focus on Exu, Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Diego Leandro Reis da Silva Fernandes ◽  
Matheus Filgueira Bezerra ◽  
Bruna Mendes Duarte ◽  
Mayara Paes de França Silva ◽  
Hadassa de Almeida Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Wild Rodent ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rodent Populations

The plague caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium is primarily a flea-transmitted zoonosis of rodents that can also be conveyed to humans and other mammals. In this work, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of rodent populations during epizootic and enzootic periods of the plague in the municipality of Exu, northeastern Brazil. The geospatial analyses showed that all the rodent species appeared through the whole territory of the municipality, with different occurrence hotspots for the different species. Important fluctuations in the rodent populations were observed, with a reduction in the wild rodent fauna following the end of a plague epizootic period, mostly represented by Necromys lasiurus and an increase in the commensal species Rattus rattus. A higher abundance of rats might lead to an increased exposure of human populations, favoring spillovers of plague and other rodent-borne diseases. Our analysis highlights the role of wild rodent species as amplifier hosts and of commensal rats (R. rattus) as preserver hosts in the enzootic period of a specific transmission infection area.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Rodents During Active and Quiescent Periods in the Plague Focus in Exu, Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Leandro Reis da Silva Fernandes ◽  
Matheus Filgueira Bezerra ◽  
Bruna Mendes Duarte ◽  
Mayara Paes de França Silva ◽  
Hadassa de Almeida Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Wild Rodent ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rodent Populations

The plague caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium is primarily a flea-transmitted zoonosis of rodents that can also be conveyed to humans and other mammals. In this work, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of rodents’ populations during active and quiescent periods of the plague in the municipality of Exu, northeastern Brazil. The geospatial analyses had shown that all rodent species occurred through the whole territory of the municipality with different hotspots for the risk of occurrence of the different species. Important fluctuation in the rodent populations was observed with a reduction in the wild rodent fauna following the end of a plague epidemic period, mostly represented by Necromys lasiurus and increase of the commensally species Rattus rattus. A higher abundance of rats might lead to an increased exposure of humans populations, favoring spillovers of plague and other rodent-borne diseases. Our analysis contributed to further highlight the role of the wild rodent species as the amplifier hosts and of the commensally rats (Rattus rattus) as the preserver hosts on the quiescent period on that transmission infection area.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution in two anuran communities in the Chapada do Araripe, Northeastern Brasil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Ferreira-Silva ◽  
Deivid Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Herivelto Faustino de Oliveira ◽  
Robson Waldemar Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Temporal Occurrence ◽  
Chapada Do Araripe

In this study, we report the temporal occurrence and habitat and microhabitat use by anurans in two areas located in one highland marsh (brejo-de-altitude) in northeastern Brazil. Fieldwork was carried out between September 2011 and September 2012. The recorded anurans belong to 14 species distributed in five families: Hylidae (six), Leptodactylidae (five), Bufonidae, Odontophrynidae and Pipidae (one each). Vocalization activity was seasonal and concentrated in the wetter and warmer months, but correlated to rainfall only in the top in the Chapada do Araripe. Richness and abundance of calling anurans were lower in the humid forest of the slope than in Cerradão area in the top of the Chapada do Araripe. Scinax x-signatus vocalized during nine months, and along with Dendropsophus soaresi, Phyllomedusa nordestina and Physalaemus cuvieri presented the longest periods of vocalization with the highest number of species vocalizing in at the height of the rainy season. Males were recorded vocalizing in nine different microhabitats, Adenomera sp. uses leaf litter and P. cuvieri the edge of water bodies as calling site both two sampled areas. Differences in richness and abundance of anurans between the two habitats are probably due to physical characteristics, such as presence of lentic environments.

scholarly journals Microplastics Investigation Using Zooplankton Samples from the Coasts of Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2272
Author(s):  
Grigoria Vasilopoulou ◽  
George Kehayias ◽  
Demetris Kletou ◽  
Periklis Kleitou ◽  
Vassilios Triantafyllidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Average Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

The Mediterranean Sea has the highest accumulation of microplastics in the world. Although numerous studies about microplastic’s abundance and distribution have been conducted, the majority sampled surface waters. Especially for the Eastern Mediterranean, there is no information concerning the deeper strata. This study fills this gap by studying the microplastic spatial and temporal distribution along the coasts of Cyprus, utilizing zooplankton samples collected from the entire 0–50 m depth layer. The average microplastics’ abundance was 41.31 ± 22.41 items/m3 indicating that the Eastern Mediterranean seems to be much more polluted than the western basin. The fibers outnumbered the abundance of the fragments by a factor of ten. Most fibers were sized between 0.5 and 1.0 mm, and 81.24% were transparent. The average area of the fragments was ≤0.05 mm2, and most of them were hard-rounded (53.38%). The microplastics to zooplankton ratio ranged between 0.021 and 0.241. A positive correlation was found between the abundance of microplastics and the total zooplankton, especially the copepods. Studies of microplastics in zooplankton samples taken from the water column are expected to provide better insights into the role of these pollutants in marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Analysis of marine turtle strandings (Reptilia: Testudine) occurring on coast of Bahia State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-683
Author(s):  
Aline Lopes-Souza ◽  
Alexandre Schiavetti ◽  
Martín Roberto Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Marine Turtle ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Educational Campaigns

This study provides an analysis of the occurrence and the spatial and temporal distribution of marine turtle strandings found in the south of the State of Bahia. Data was collected between January 2006 and June 2008. This study covers an area of 220 km of the southern coast of Bahia State (northeastern Brazil), and spatial analyses were made considering data collected in three bases suported by Petrobras-Petróleo Brasileiro S/A distributed in the area. The records were sorted according to month and year, species, age group and sex. A total of 260 stranding were reported: 183 of Chelonia mydas (74.1%), the most frequent species. The highest number of strandings was recorded in Gamboa do Morro Base. Juveniles presented the highest densities, but no differences between adults and small juveniles were detected. Males were more frequently stranded in Gamboa do Morro Base, while females were more frequent in Ilhéus Base. An increase in the number of stranding between 2006 and 2008 was noted; moreover, the months with more records were January, February, March, October and December. The number of stranding events was discontinuously distributed in the study area. This study also demonstrated the usefulness of implement different strategies of recording marine turtle strandings: direct monitoring efforts (patrol) in remote beaches and educational campaigns applied on beaches frequented by tourists. This study demonstrated that, despite spatial nearby, the three bases attend independent biological systems and show different stranding dynamics, thus different conservancy actions should be implemented in order to improve the knowledge on natural history of sea-turtles in the southern coast of Bahia State.

The Role of Global Climate Patterns in the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Vector-Borne Disease

2010 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Linthicum ◽  
Assaf Anyamba ◽  
Jean-Paul Chretien ◽  
Jennifer Small ◽  
Compton J. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Climate Patterns ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals August 2002 Flood in the Czech Republic: Meteorological Causes and Hydrological Response

Geografie ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Jan Daňhelka
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Very High

The paper describes synoptic situations that resulted in heavy precipitation over the SW Bohemia in August 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and its effect on the flood development is explained. Flood peak flows return period reached very high values in the Vltava River catchment and couldn't be largely affected by reservoirs within the catchment. Nevertheless the role of Vltava River Dam Cascade is mentioned as well as the flood forecasting during the flood. We show also some similarities and differences between 2002 and some historical flood.

scholarly journals Rodents and other small mammal reservoirs in plague foci in northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika de Cássia Vieira Da Costa ◽  
Marise Sobreira ◽  
Nilma Cintra Leal ◽  
Alzira Maria Paiva De Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Rodent Populations

Introduction: Plague is an acute, infectious zoonotic disease, primarily of wild rodents and their fleas, that affects humans and other mammals. In Brazil, several plague foci are located in the northeast region. Plague surveillance based on monitoring of rodents was discontinued in 2007, and the current information on rodent populations is unsatisfactory. Our purpose was to update the information on rodents and other small mammals in plague foci in northeastern Brazil. Methodology: Nine surveys in the historically most important northeastern plague areas were conducted in 2013-2015. Results: In this study, 393 animals (13 rodent and four marsupial species) were entrapped. The plague bacterium Yersinia pestis was not detected in tissue sample cultures from the 225 animals that were analyzed. Eighty sera samples were analyzed for anti-F1 antibodies by hemagglutination (HA) and protein A ELISA tests, and all were negative, except for one marsupial, Monodelphis domestica, which was HA positive. Conclusions: Qualitative and quantitative differences in the animal populations were observed in the areas surveyed, and the antibody positive marsupial indicated that plague continues to circulate in the wild.

Intercomparison between Spatiotemporal Distribution of PM2.5 Concentration and Transportation in Beijing

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 3151-3156
Author(s):  
Ling Yan Jin ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Hamed Karimian ◽  
Jun Xiong Hou
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

A spatial and temporal distribution of PM2.5 as one of the most critical pollutants in Beijing was studied for the whole year 2013. In this pre-research work the spatiotemporal variation of PM2.5 in studied over metropolitan area of Beijing in 2013. More over a weighted transportation influence ( WIT) is defined to monitor the role of transportation in PM2.5 pollution. The results show the remarkable effect of transportation in PM2.5 concentration (R2=0.75). Plus, with this research, we give more information about the source of high PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, and suggest to control this matter transportation is one of the notable source which requires more attention from decision makers.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Neutral Polymorphisms in the Last ZFX Intron: Analysis of the Haplotype Structure and Genealogy

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 1091-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Jaruzelska ◽  
Ewa Zietkiewicz ◽  
Mark Batzer ◽  
David E C Cole ◽  
Jean-Paul Moisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
The Common

Abstract With 10 segregating sites (simple nucleotide polymorphisms) in the last intron (1089 bp) of the ZFX gene we have observed 11 haplotypes in 336 chromosomes representing a worldwide array of 15 human populations. Two haplotypes representing 77% of all chromosomes were distributed almost evenly among four continents. Five of the remaining haplotypes were detected in Africa and 4 others were restricted to Eurasia and the Americas. Using the information about the ancestral state of the segregating positions (inferred from human-great ape comparisons), we applied coalescent analysis to estimate the age of the polymorphisms and the resulting haplotypes. The oldest haplotype, with the ancestral alleles at all the sites, was observed at low frequency only in two groups of African origin. Its estimated age of 740 to 1100 kyr corresponded to the time to the most recent common ancestor. The two most frequent worldwide distributed haplotypes were estimated at 550 to 840 and 260 to 400 kyr, respectively, while the age of the continentally restricted polymorphisms was 120 to 180 kyr and smaller. Comparison of spatial and temporal distribution of the ZFX haplotypes suggests that modern humans diverged from the common ancestral stock in the Middle Paleolithic era. Subsequent range expansion prevented substantial gene flow among continents, separating African groups from populations that colonized Eurasia and the New World.

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