scholarly journals The early effects of afforestation on biodiversity of grasslands in Ireland

2008 ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Buscardo ◽  
George F. Smith ◽  
Daniel L. Kelly ◽  
Helena Freitas ◽  
Susan Iremonger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Effects

Early effects of abdominal temperature on the activity of selected enzymes in rat testes

Reproduction ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
L Schanbacher ◽  
L. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Early Effects

scholarly journals SIRT1-Dependent Upregulation of BDNF in Human Microglia Challenged with Aβ: An Early but Transient Response Rescued by Melatonin

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Grazia Ilaria Caruso ◽  
Simona Federica Spampinato ◽  
Giuseppe Costantino ◽  
Sara Merlo ◽  
Maria Angela Sortino
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Amyloid Peptide ◽  
Human Microglia ◽  
Microglial Cell Line ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Β Amyloid Peptide

Microglia represent a first-line defense in the brain. However, in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a pro-inflammatory switch may occur, leading to loss of protective functions. Using the human microglial cell line HMC3, we showed that exposure to low concentrations of β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ42; 0.2 μM) initially (6 h) upregulated anti-inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF increase was prevented by selective inhibition of SIRT1 with EX527 (2 μM). Accordingly, these early effects were accompanied by a significant Aβ42-induced increase of SIRT1 expression, nuclear localization, and activity. SIRT1 modulation involved adenosine monophosphate-regulated kinase (AMPK), which was promptly (30 min) phosphorylated by Aβ42, while the AMPK inhibitor BML-275 (2 μM) attenuated Aβ42-induced SIRT1 increase. Initially observed microglial responses appeared transient, as microglial features changed when exposure to Aβ42 was prolonged (0.2 μM for 72 h). While SIRT1 and BDNF levels were reduced, the expression of inflammatory markers IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α increased. This coincided with a rise in NF-kB nuclear localization. The effects of melatonin (1 μM) on prolonged microglial exposure to Aβ42 were analyzed for their protective potential. Melatonin was able to prolong SIRT1 and BDNF upregulation, as well as to prevent NF-kB nuclear translocation and acetylation. These effects were sensitive to the melatonin receptor antagonist, luzindole (25 μM). In conclusion, our data define an early microglial defensive response to Aβ42, featuring SIRT1-mediated BDNF upregulation that can be exogenously modulated by melatonin, thus identifying an important target for neuroprotection.

Early effects of diabetes on inducible nitric oxide synthase in the kidney

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cosenzi ◽  
E. Bernobich ◽  
M. Bonavita ◽  
R. Trevisan ◽  
G. Bellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Early effects of surface liming on soil P biochemistry and dynamics in extensive grassland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Bouray ◽  
James Laing Moir ◽  
Leo Murtagh Condron ◽  
Dharini Paramashivam
Keyword(s):  
Soil P ◽  
Early Effects

Comparison of Early Effects of Thyrotropin and Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator on Thyroidal Secretion1

Endocrinology ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIMASA SHISHIBA ◽  
DAVID H. SOLOMON ◽  
GILDON N. BEALL
Keyword(s):  
Early Effects ◽  
Long Acting

scholarly journals Early effects of parathyroid hormone on bisphosphonate/steroid-associated compromised osseous wound healing

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1141-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kuroshima ◽  
P. Entezami ◽  
L. K. McCauley ◽  
J. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Early Effects
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