The Water Research Commission

Southern California, with a coastal population of 12 million people, releases about 4.4 million cubic meters of treated waste water into the Pacific every day via outfalls that discharge three to six kilometers offshore at a depth of 60 meters. Diffusers cause each liter of waste to be diluted by 150 liters of deep cool water preventing it from reaching the surface except for short periods in winter. Data on the constituents of the four largest waste streams are presented and a brief account of the research done by the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project is given. Although the waste water now discharged meets rigorous state standards (with minor exceptions) and the steady improvement in sea conditions over a decade has been well documented, there is a continuing debate over whether our coastal waters are adequately protected. This is primarily because the damaging effects of DDT and PCBs that were discharged more than 14 years ago have been slow to go away. Although the amounts of DDT and PCB in sea animals are only one- tenth what they were a decade ago they tend to obscure the value of the improvements and the present discharge practices. The alternatives to sea disposal seem likely to cause greater damage to the overall environment.

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Methods of Estimating the Discharge of Gross Solids from Combined Sewer Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0572 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (5-6) ◽

pp. 1295-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Jefferies

Keyword(s):

Research Centre ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

Water Research ◽

Sewer Systems ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Sewer Overflows ◽

The Uk

Visible pollution discharged from two combined sewer overflows were studied using passive Trash Trap devices and the UK Water Research Centre Gross Solids Sampler. Relationships are presented for the number of visible solids and the mass of gross solids discharged during an event. The differences in the behaviour of the overflow types are reported on and they are categorised using the Trash Traps.

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Corrigendum to Building an operational framework for nitrogen recovery via electrochemical stripping [Water Research, 169 (2020), 115226]

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2021.117059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 195 ◽

pp. 117059

Author(s):

Liu MJ ◽

Neo BS ◽

William Tarpeh

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Recovery ◽

Water Research ◽

Electrochemical Stripping

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Corrigendum to ‘Alkaline dehydration of anion–exchanged human urine: Volume reduction, nutrient recovery and process optimisation’ [Water Research, 142 (2018), 325-336]

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2021.117476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 202 ◽

pp. 117476

Author(s):

Prithvi Simha ◽

Jenna Senecal ◽

Annika Nordin ◽

Cecilia Lalander ◽

Björn Vinnerås

Keyword(s):

Human Urine ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Volume Reduction ◽

Nutrient Recovery ◽

Process Optimisation ◽

Water Research

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Reply to comment on, hydroxyl radical scavenging by solid mineral surfaces in oxidative treatment systems: Rate constants and implications. water research 169, 9. 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115240

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2020.116399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 186 ◽

pp. 116399

Author(s):

Klara Rusevova-Crincoli ◽

Scott G. Huling

Keyword(s):

Hydroxyl Radical ◽

Rate Constants ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Mineral Surfaces ◽

Water Research ◽

Oxidative Treatment

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Reply to Comment on "Degradation of PFOS by a MnO2/H2O2 process"

Environmental Science Water Research & Technology ◽

10.1039/d1ew00190f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yueh Chang ◽

Yi-Chin Cho ◽

Yi-Pin Lin

Keyword(s):

Environmental Science ◽

Water Research

Recently, we received a Comment on our article “Degradation of PFOS by MnO2/H2O2 Process” published in Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology. We have prepared a Reply to address the...

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A multiplicity of prek(s): Enacting a socionatural mosaic in the Cambodian upper Mekong delta

Environment and Planning E Nature and Space ◽

10.1177/25148486211026835 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 251484862110268

Author(s):

Jean-Philippe Venot ◽

Casper B Jensen

Keyword(s):

Science And Technology Studies ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Mosaic Landscape ◽

Water Research ◽

Rice Intensification ◽

Multiple Uses ◽

Human Actors ◽

Irrigation Infrastructure ◽

Passive Object

In Khmer, the word prek designates a connection between things. In Kandal province in Cambodia, preks crisscross the landscape, connecting rivers with floodplains, supporting rich ecologies and a variety of livelihoods. Drawing on science and technology studies (STS) and critical water research, this paper explores prek(s) as a multiplicity. Rather than taking the prek as a passive object around which various practices occur, we examine how prek(s) are enacted as ontologically different: as irrigation infrastructure, as pathway to rice intensification, as device for Cambodian state-making, and as climate-friendly agricultural development. After analyzing interference patterns between enactments and their scale-making effects in- and outside the Mekong floodplains, we make explicit our own ontological politics. Focused on sustaining multiple uses and ecosystems, “our” prek is a socionatural mosaic landscape where many human and more-than-human actors and practices can coexist. This ontological politics, we suggest, has implications for planetary environmental knowledges and delta management far beyond Kandal’s landscape.

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Theoretical and Empirical Characterization of Water as a Factor: Examples and Related Issues with the World Trade Model

Water ◽

10.3390/w13040459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 459

Author(s):

Ignacio Cazcarro ◽

Albert E. Steenge

Keyword(s):

World Trade ◽

Low Cost ◽

Virtual Water ◽

Considerable Change ◽

Water Research ◽

Trade Model ◽

The World ◽

Main Model ◽

Selection Of

This article originates from the theoretical and empirical characterization of factors in the World Trade Model (WTM). It first illustrates the usefulness of this type of model for water research to address policy questions related to virtual water trade, water constraints and water scarcity. It also illustrates the importance of certain key decisions regarding the heterogeneity of water and its relation to the technologies being employed and the prices obtained. With regard to WTM, the global economic input–output model in which multiple technologies can produce a “homogeneous output”, it was recently shown that two different mechanisms should be distinguished by which multiple technologies can arise, i.e., from “technology-specific” or from “shared” factors, which implies a mechanism-specific set of prices, quantities and rents. We discuss and extend these characterizations, notably in relation to the real-world characterization of water as a factor (for which we use the terms technology specific, fully shared and “mixed”). We propose that the presence of these separate mechanisms results in the models being sensitive to relatively small variations in specific numerical values. To address this sensitivity, we suggest a specific role for specific (sub)models or key choices to counter unrealistic model outcomes. To support our proposal we present a selection of simulations for aggregated world regions, and show how key results concerning quantities, prices and rents can be subject to considerable change depending on the precise definitions of resource endowments and the technology-specificity of the factors. For instance, depending on the adopted water heterogeneity level, outcomes can vary from relatively low-cost solutions to higher cost ones and can even reach infeasibility. In the main model discussed here (WTM) factor prices are exogenous, which also contributes to the overall numerical sensitivity of the model. All this affects to a large extent our interpretation of the water challenges, which preferably need to be assessed in integrated frameworks, to account for the main socioeconomic variables, technologies and resources.

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