Eddy Diffusivity to North Wind Phenomenon in Southern Brazil: Application in an Analytical Dispersion Model

Author(s):  
Ivan P. Alves ◽  
Gervásio A. Degrazia ◽  
Daniela Buske ◽  
Marco T. Vilhena
2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela De Dominicis ◽  
Giovanni Leuzzi ◽  
Paolo Monti ◽  
Nadia Pinardi ◽  
Pierre-Marie Poulain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Krapez ◽  
Gregoire Ky ◽  
Claire Sarrat

<p>The flux footprint (or so-called source area) is the zone of the surface that contributes to a measured vertical flux (e.g. of water vapor or carbon dioxide) between the ground and the atmosphere: Footprint models are then used to derive location and size of the source area and for interpretation of flux-tower measurements, in particular to estimate the contribution of passive scalar sources to these measured fluxes, and to combine measured fluxes with remotely sensed data.</p><p>Existing footprint models are of two types: either they derive from the solution of an advection-diffusion differential equation or they result from a parameterization based on numerical simulations performed with a Lagrangian stochastic particle dispersion model. Models of the first type are essentially based on the hypothesis of power-law profiles of the mean wind speed u(z) and eddy diffusivity K(z). Our objective was to suppress this constraint and to build a footprint model for any type of profile, in particular Monin-Obukhov surface-layer profiles.</p><p>The model was developed in the frame of the K-theory. Homogeneous conditions were assumed in the horizontal plane and the alongwind diffusion term was neglected with respect to the advection term. A semi-analytical tool has been developed to cope with any type of atmosphere stratification. Applying a dedicated quadrupole method, the boundary layer is divided into a series of sublayers and an extended power law model is applied in each of them (10 to 15 sublayers are enough to reach an error of less than 0.1%, whatever the atmosphere stability).</p><p>In the end, a highly accurate estimation of the footprint can be obtained very quickly for any profile of wind speed and eddy diffusivity.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-610
Author(s):  
Silvana Maldaner ◽  
Michel Stefanello ◽  
Luis Gustavo N. Martins ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia ◽  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
...  

Abstract. In this study, Taylor statistical diffusion theory and sonic anemometer measurements collected at 11 levels on a 140 m high tower located in a coastal region in southeastern Brazil have been employed to obtain quasi-empirical convective eddy diffusivity parameterizations in a planetary boundary layer (PBL). The derived algebraic formulations expressing the eddy diffusivities were introduced into an Eulerian dispersion model and validated with Copenhagen tracer experiments. The employed Eulerian model is based on the numerical solution of the diffusion–advection equation by the fractional step/locally one-dimensional (LOD) methods. Moreover, the semi-Lagrangian cubic-spline technique and Crank–Nicolson implicit scheme are considered to solve the advection and diffusive terms. The numerical simulation results indicate that the new approach, based on these quasi-experimental eddy diffusivities, is able to reproduce the Copenhagen concentration data. Therefore, the new turbulent dispersion parameterization can be applied in air pollution models.


2000 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Davidson M. Moreira ◽  
Angela B. D. Moura ◽  
Marco T. de Vilhena ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia

An analytical air quality dispersion model based on a discretization of the planetary boundary layer in N sub-layers is presented. In each sub-layer the diffusion-advection equation is solved by the Laplace Transform techniques, considering an average value for the vertical exchange coefficient and the wind speed. As a consequence, the present approach allows to employ realistic semi-empirical profiles for the eddy diffusivity and wind speed, in such manner that the inhomogeneous turbulence can be handle. The model performance have been evaluated using the well-known Copenhagen and Prairie Grass datasets. Then, the application of the statistical evalution procedure (Hanna, 1989) over the out coming results has show that the proposed analytical dispersion model produces a good fitting of the observational data.


Author(s):  
MANISH MODANI ◽  
MAITHILI SHARAN

A dispersion model for the estimation of crosswind integrated concentrations in the surface-based inversion is proposed. The generalized forms of eddy diffusivity with spatial dependence in both horizontal and vertical directions and vertical height-dependent wind speed are considered. In view of the computational limitation associated with numerical models for Dirac-delta function, the source term is expressed as a limiting case of normal distribution. The accuracy of the employed numerical scheme to solve the resulting partial differential equation with appropriate physically relevant boundary conditions is checked with those obtained from the respective analytical solutions available in literature for the particular forms of eddy diffusivity and wind speed. Concentrations computed from the proposed model are found close to those obtained from analytical models. The concentrations obtained from the proposed model are evaluated for the generalized functional forms of eddy diffusivity (Degrazia and Moraes, 1992; Degrazia et al., 2001) and diabatic logarithmic profile as well as power-law profile of wind speed with the observations from Hanford (Doran et al., 1984) and Copenhagen (Gryning and Lyck, 1984) diffusion experiments in stable and unstable conditions, respectively. Majority of the cases i.e., 64% and 96% are predicted in factor of two to observations in both stable and unstable conditions, respectively.


2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Becker Nunes ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia ◽  
Cláudia Rejane Jacondino De Campos ◽  
Davidson Martins Moreira

ABSTRACT. To estimate the superficial concentration of contaminants an eulerian model of dispersion was used, where the main scheme is the diffusion-advection equation that employs turbulent eddy diffusivity. The aim of this work is a comparison between different eddy diffusivity derivations for a planetary boundary layer turbulence generated by thermal and mechanical effects. The accuracy of eddy diffusivity derivations was evaluated by comparing the data simulated in the eulerian dispersion model and the observed concentrations of the Copenhagen and Praire Grass experiments. Three convective eddy diffusivity derivations were compared among themselves: 1) proposed by Degrazia et al., 2) proposed Hostlag & Moeng and 3) the derivation gotten by the parameters of Hanna. Two neutral eddy diffusivity derivations were also compared: 1) proposed by Degrazia et al. and 2) gotten by the parameters of Hanna. In order to improve the comparisons some adjustments and increments were made in Hostlag & Moeng derivation and in that gotten by the parameters of Hanna. We can observe that despite the eddy diffusivities having been formulated by different ways, the results were similar and sufficiently satisfactory. In the convective case, the best simulations of each derivation showed a Normalized Mean Squared Error between 0.04 and 0.05 when compared with Copenhagen dataset.Keywords: dispersion model, Taylor theory, lagrangean timescale. RESUMO. Na estimativa da concentração superficial de contaminantes foi usado um modelo de dispersão euleriano, tendo como esquema principal a equação de difusão-advecção que emprega coeficiente de difusão turbulento. O objetivo deste trabalho é a comparação entre diferentes derivações de coeficientes de difusão para uma camada limite planetária cuja turbulência é gerada por fatores térmicos e mecânicos. A precisão das derivações foi calculada por meio da comparação entre os dados simulados pelo modelo euleriano de dispersão e os dados de concentração observados nos experimentos de Copenhagen e Praire Grass. Três derivações de coeficientes de difusão convectivos foram comparadas: 1) a proposta por Degrazia et al., 2) a proposta por Hostlag & Moeng, e 3) a derivação obtida através dos parâmetros de Hanna. Também foram comparadas duas derivações de coeficientes de difusão neutros: 1) uma proposta por Degrazia et al. e 2) a obtida por meio dos parâmetros de Hanna. Para uma melhor comparação, foram feitos alguns ajustes nas derivações de Hostlag e Moeng e na obtida através dos parâmetros de Hanna. Pode-se observar que apesar das derivações serem obtidas por diferentes metodologias, os resultados foram similares e suficientemente satisfatórios. Para o caso convectivo, as melhores simulações de cada derivação apresentaram Erro Quadrático Médio Normalizado entre 0,04 e 0,05 quando comparados com os dados do experimento de Copenhagen.Palavras-chave: modelo de dispersão, teoria de Taylor, escala de tempo lagrangeana.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Maldaner ◽  
Michel Stefanello ◽  
Luis Gustavo N. Martins ◽  
Gervásio Annes Degrazia ◽  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
...  

Abstract. In this study, Taylor statistical diffusion theory and sonic anemometer measurements collected at 11 levels on a 140-m high tower located at a coastal region in southeastern Brazil have been employed to obtain quasi-empirical convective eddy diffusivity parameterizations in a planetary boundary layer (PBL). The derived algebraic formulations expressing the eddy diffusivities were introduced into an Eulerian dispersion model and validated with Copenhagen tracer experiments. The employed Eulerian model is based on the numerical solution of the diffusion-advection equation by the Fractional Step/Locally One-Dimensional (LOD) methods. Moreover, the semi-Lagrangian cubic-spline technique and Crank-Nicholson implicit scheme are considered to solve the advection and diffusive terms. The numerical simulation results indicate that the new approach, based on these quasi-experimental eddy diffusivities, is able to reproduce the Copenhagen concentration data. Therefore, the new turbulent dispersion parameterization can be applied in air pollution models.


2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Cláudia Rejane Jacondino de Campos ◽  
James Adryani Avelar de Jesus ◽  
Luciana Barros Pinto

In this work was tested the use of output data from Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) as input to an Eulerian Dispersion Model (EDM). Specifically was compared the ground level cross-wind integrated concentration simulated by EDM, using an eddy diffusivity valid to the Convective Boundary Layer (CBL) and two wind profiles: the first obtained by the Operationelle Meteorologiske Luftkvalitetsmodeller model (OML) and the second generated by RAMS mesoscale model. To accomplish the simulations with EDM were used data collected on the 07/06/1979 during Copenhagen tracer experiment (emission rate, source height, convective velocity scale, CBL height, friction velocity, Monin-Obukhov length in the surface layer and roughness length). The performance of the two simulations was tested confronting the ground level cross-wind integrated concentration generated with those observed in referred experiment. For simple topography area, such as the study area, the results showed that the use of a diagnosis model (OML) or a prognostic model (RAMS) to simulate the wind profile didn't generate great differences between ground level cross-wind integrated concentration simulated by EDM.


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