Noun Phrases, Generalized Quantifiers and Anaphora

1987 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Barwise
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Generalized Quantifiers

Embodied cognitive semantics for quantification

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 251-264
Author(s):  
Simon Pauw ◽  
Joseph Hilferty
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Operational Semantic ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Generalized Quantifiers ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Quantified Noun Phrases

The present paper proposes an operational semantic model of natural language quantifiers (e.g., many, some, three) and their use in quantified noun phrases. To this end we use embodied artificial agents that communicate in and interact with the physical world. We argue that existing paradigms such as Generalized Quantifiers (Barwise and Cooper 1981; Montague 1973) and Fuzzy Quantifiers (Zadeh 1983) do not provide a satisfactory models for our situated-interaction scenarios and propose a more adequate semantic model, based on fuzzy-quantification.

The Indefiniteness of Definiteness

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-145
Author(s):  
Barbara Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Generalized Quantifiers ◽  
Tentative Conclusion

This paper is about definiteness, and more specifically about the difficulties involved in getting clear on which noun phrases should be classified as definite, or more properly, which have uses which can be so classified. A number of possibilities are considered. First we consider some traditional proposals—those analyzing definiteness in terms of strength, uniqueness, or familiarity. Following that, three more recent proposals are presented, which have been put forward in the wake of Montague’s analysis of NPs as generalized quantifiers—those proposed by Jon Barwise and Robin Cooper (1981), Barbara Partee (1986), and Sebastian Löbner (2000). The tentative conclusion is that Russell’s uniqueness characteristic (suitably modified) holds up well against the others.

scholarly journals DECOMPOSING GENERALIZED QUANTIFIERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAG WESTERSTÅHL
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Generalized Quantifiers ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Determiner Phrases

This note explains the circumstances under which a type 〈1〉 quantifier can be decomposed into a type 〈1, 1〉 quantifier and a set, by fixing the first argument of the former to the latter. The motivation comes from the semantics of Noun Phrases (also called Determiner Phrases) in natural languages, but in this article, I focus on the logical facts. However, my examples are taken among quantifiers appearing in natural languages, and at the end, I sketch two more principled linguistic applications.

The Interpretation of Anaphoric Noun Phrases Time Course, and Effects of Overspecificity

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Garnham ◽  
Jane Oakhill ◽  
And Kate Cain
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Noun Phrases

THE STUDY OF COMPLEMENTARY COMPLEXES IN MODERN GRAMMAR SCHOOLS

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
O. Tuhai
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Status ◽  
Clausal Complementation ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
Clausal Complements ◽  
Form Feature

The article focuses on the basic theoretical approaches to the analysis of complementary complexes in modern grammar paradigms. The phenomenon of clausal complementation has been presented. Subordinate sentences are characterized as object clausal complements with the status of a core internal argument of the main predicate. Grammatical configuration and functioning of finite/infinitive complementary sentences in English have been revealed. Grammatical status of clauses under the study is postulated as object predication or the internal verbal complement in the function of an object. Grammatical indicators of finite sentences are analyzed considering specific that/wh- markers of complementation, semantics of matrix verbs as well as temporal tense-form feature in a verbal phrase. Grammatical configuration of infinitive sentences is denoted by to-/wh-markers and noun phrases in a certain case. Identifying criteria of verbal clausal complements have been distinguished. Morphology of the predicate, internal/external syntax of a complementary construction are grounded as leading features of their definition. Typology of verbal complementation in terms of transitivity, complement attachment to the perculia part of speech, functional communicative approach has been reviewed. General monotransitive, complex-transitive and ditransitive complementation has been outlined. When being attached to a particular language constituent a clause is determined as nominal, adjective or verbal complement. Due to communicative peculiarity finite subordinate clauses are positioned as content declarative, interrogative and exclamative.

Ungkapan Bermakna Budaya Masyarakat Nelayan (Suatu Kajian Antropolinguistik)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Maria Lontoh ◽  
Jenny Hilda Pakasi ◽  
Martha Salea-Warouw
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Community Language

The fishermen community is a community found in North Sulawesi, especially in the coastal area of Sario-Malalayang, Manado. With different cultural backgrounds, ethnicities, this group has its own uniqueness, especially in language. This research succeeded is finding expressions in the fishermen community in the coastal area of Sario-Malalayang. These expressions consist of forms of words, phrases, and clauses in accordance with the lingual forms of theory from Widdowson (1997: 3). The results of the study found a number of lingual forms in affixed words, which had a similar prefix as in the words ba-daseng, ba-kintu, ba-tono, ba-saoh, ba-pake. In addition, the majority of phrases contained in the results of the study are predominantly dominated by noun phrases, such as in the lips phrases of napo, puru loe, coolies, ikang itching, mulu sosoroka, gargantang tubir.This research also succeeded in exploring and discovering cultural meanings. The meanings in the form of words, such as ‘badaseng’, ‘sunga’, then the form of a phrase, like ‘puru loe’, ‘mulu sosoroka’, then sentence expressions in the form of expressions like ‘udang deng katang so kurang sama’, ‘kase wora mar jang talapas’, ‘karja cuma sampe di kuli aer’, etc. The expressions encountered generally contain various cultural meanings, namely advice, satire, ridicule, seduction, warning, insults, and despair. Based on the conclusion, the researcher suggests to the next researcher, to be more comprehensive related to the use of Manado Malay language expression in different background and contexts in order to get a whole description about expressions system of Manado Malay language, especially in the fishermen community in North Sulawesi.Keywords: fishermen community, language and culture

Developing a RadLex-based Named Entity Recognition Tool for Mining Textual Radiology Reports (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Tsuji ◽  
Andrew Wen ◽  
Naoki Takahashi ◽  
Hongjian Zhang ◽  
Katsuhiko Ogasawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Clinical Text ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
Radiology Reports ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
F Measure

BACKGROUND Named entity recognition (NER) plays an important role in extracting the features of descriptions for mining free-text radiology reports. However, the performance of existing NER tools is limited because the number of entities depends on its dictionary lookup. Especially, the recognition of compound terms is very complicated because there are a variety of patterns. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to develop and evaluate a NER tool concerned with compound terms using the RadLex for mining free-text radiology reports. METHODS We leveraged the clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES) to develop customized pipelines using both RadLex and SentiWordNet (a general-purpose dictionary, GPD). We manually annotated 400 of radiology reports for compound terms (Cts) in noun phrases and used them as the gold standard for the performance evaluation (precision, recall, and F-measure). Additionally, we also created a compound-term-enhanced dictionary (CtED) by analyzing false negatives (FNs) and false positives (FPs), and applied it for another 100 radiology reports for validation. We also evaluated the stem terms of compound terms, through defining two measures: an occurrence ratio (OR) and a matching ratio (MR). RESULTS The F-measure of the cTAKES+RadLex+GPD was 32.2% (Precision 92.1%, Recall 19.6%) and that of combined the CtED was 67.1% (Precision 98.1%, Recall 51.0%). The OR indicated that stem terms of “effusion”, "node", "tube", and "disease" were used frequently, but it still lacks capturing Cts. The MR showed that 71.9% of stem terms matched with that of ontologies and RadLex improved about 22% of the MR from the cTAKES default dictionary. The OR and MR revealed that the characteristics of stem terms would have the potential to help generate synonymous phrases using ontologies. CONCLUSIONS We developed a RadLex-based customized pipeline for parsing radiology reports and demonstrated that CtED and stem term analysis has the potential to improve dictionary-based NER performance toward expanding vocabularies.

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