Soil Fertility in Forest Nurseries

Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Author(s):  
А.С. Дурова ◽  
А.В. Жигунов

Улучшение агрохимических, физико-химических и биологических показателей почвы в результате внесения биоугля в качестве мелиоранта доказано множеством исследований. Наиболее эффективным при выращивании сельскохозяйственных культур оказалось применение мелиоранта в дозах от 1 до 30 т/га биоугля. Однако вопрос о влияния биоугля на рост сеянцев хвойных пород в посевных отделениях лесных питомников в научной литературе затронут не был. Целью исследования была оценка влияния различных доз биоугля на агрохимические параметры почв лесных питомников различного гранулометрического состава и на рост сеянцев ели обыкновенной Picea abies (L.). Фракции биоугля мелкого помола (диаметр частиц менее 5 мм) вносились в метровые отрезки пяти строчных посевных лент в дозах 5 и 25 т/га. В контрольных вариантах опыта биоуголь не вносился. Для посева использовали сухие семена хвойных пород, подготовленные к посеву по стандартным методикам. Проведение агротехнических приемов по выращиванию сеянцев проводилось по стандартным технологическим картам. Эксперимент проводился в пятикратной повторности. Изучался рост и развитие сеянцев ели европейской в течение трех вегетационных сезонов, а также показатели плодородия почв в посевных отделениях лесных питомников. На опытных делянках в конце каждого вегетационного сезона определялась высота сеянца и диаметр корневой шейки. Для определения массы было отобрано 30 модельных сеянцев. Масса определялась после высушивания до постоянного веса при температуре 80 С. Оценку параметров почвенного плодородия проводили по показателям содержания углерода органического вещества, кислотности, а также определялось содержание доступных форм азота, фосфора и калия. Выполнение агрохимических анализов производилось по стандартным методикам. Отбор проб почвы производился методом конверта в соответствии с ГОСТ 174.3.01–83. Для оценки достоверности влияния применяемых доз биоугля на рост сеянцев использовался однофакторный дисперсионный анализ. Внесение биоугля в почву посевного отделения питомников в дозе 5 и 25 т/га повлияло на изменение агрохимических показателей как песчаной, так и супесчаной почвы. В более плодородной супесчаной почве биоуголь положительно воздействовал на агрохимические показатели, что привело к улучшению показателей роста ели в первый вегетационный период. Однако воздействие биоугля на агрохимические показатели супесчаной почвы с течением времени постепенно снижалось. При внесении биоугля в дозе 5 т/га быстро срабатывается углерод, снижается содержание азота, что приводит к нивелированию показателей роста сеянцев по высоте уже после второго вегетационного сезона. Однако увеличение диаметра корневой шейки и массы сеянца достоверно по отношению к контролю при внесении и 5, и 25 т/га биоугля после трех лет выращивания. На песчаной почве эффект воздействия биоугля на почву более растянут во времени. К концу 3-го года положительные изменения агрохимических параметров почвы все еще продолжаются при внесении и 5, и 25 т/га биоугля. Однако вследствие более низких агрохимических показателей песчаной почвы рост сеянцев в этих условиях остается низким, и сеянцы за три года выращивания не достигают стандартных параметров даже при внесении мелиоранта. Improvement of agrochemical, physical, chemical and biological properties of soil as a result of biochar application as an ameliorant has been proved in numerous studies. Application of ameliorant in biochar doses ranging from 1 to 30 tons per ha has proved to be most effective in growing crops. However, biochar effects on the growth of coniferous seedlings in the sowing section of forest nurseries have not been considered in the literature. The aim of the research was to study the effects of different biochar doses on agrochemical parameters of soils in forest nurseries with different granulometric soil composition and on the growth of spruce seedlings (Picea abies (L.)). Biochar fine-ground fractions (5 mm in diameter) were introduced into one-meter length lines of five-row sowing tapes in doses of 5 and 25 t/ha. In the control variants of the experiment, biochar was not introduced. For seeding, dry conifer seeds were used, which were prepared for sowing by standard methods. Agrotechnical methods for growing seedlings were carried out according to standard technological maps. The experiment had five replicates. The growth and development of European spruce seedlings as well as soil fertility parameters were studied during three growing seasons in the sowing sections of forest nurseries. At the experimental plots, the height of the seedlings and the diameter of their root collars were determined at the end of each growing season. 30 model seedlings were selected to determine the mass of a seedling, which was done after the seedlings were dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 80 C. The soil fertility parameters were evaluated based on the carbon content of organic matter and acidity; in addition, the contents of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were determined. The agrochemical analyses were performed using standard methods and procedures. Soil sampling was carried out using the envelope method in accordance with GOST 174.3.01–83. The validity of the applied biochar doses on the growth of seedlings was assessed with the single-factor analysis of variance. The introduction of biochar to the soil of the nursery sowing section in doses of 5 and 25 t/ha influenced the agrochemical parameters of both sandy and sandy loamy soil. In more fertile sandy loam soils, biochar positively influenced agrochemical parameters of the soil, which resulted in higher growth rates of spruce in the first growing season. However, the biochar effects on the agrochemical parameters of sandy loamy soil gradually decreased with time. When biochar was applied in a dose of 5 t/ha, carbon and nitrogen contents decreased significantly, which led to leveling of height growth of seedlings after the second growing season. However, increase in the seedling root collar diameter and weight was significant with respect to the control for both doses of biochar, 5 and 25 t/ha, after three years of cultivation. On sandy soil, the biochar effects on soil were more extended in time. By the end of 3 years, positive changes in the agrochemical parameters of the soil were still going on for both doses, 5 and 25 t/ha. However, due to lower agrochemical parameters of sandy soil, the growth of seedlings in these conditions remained low and the seedlings did not reach the standard parameters after three years of cultivation, even with the introduction of ameliorant.


2016 ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Evgeny Romanov ◽  
Dmitry Mukhortov ◽  
Tatiana Nureeva

Most seedlings and saplings of woody plants in the Russian Federation are produced in the open ground in forest nurseries. In order to produce high quality planting material it is necessary to support and preserve soil fertility, which can be obtained by using organic wastes and organic-based fertilizers. Our research is aimed at the assessment of the influence of non-conventional organic fertilizers on fertility of podzols and on the growth rate of seedlings and saplings of woody plants in forest nurseries. Our research shows, that the application of non-conventional organic fertilizers does not result in any accumulation of heavy metal salts in podzols, but optimizes hydro physical and agrochemical properties of the ploughed horizon. The efficiency of non-conventional organic fertilizers depends on their composition, physical and chemical characteristics of the original components, their doses applied and original fertility of soils. A combined application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and sand results in the optimization of practically all soil fertility parameters in middle clay-loam soils, while application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and clay is optimal for application on light soils. The optimal application dose of non-conventional fertilizers depends on soil texture, woody species and the fertilizer composition. An optimal application dose for Norway spruce on a light clay-loam soil is 50-80 tons/ha, and on a middle clay-loam soil is 149-182 tons/ha. It is 50 tons/ha for Scots pine growing on a sandy loam soil, and 100 tons/ha for the same species growing on a sandy soil or a light clay-loam. For Siberian larch growing on a light clay-loam soil the dose of fertilizer applied should be 150 tons/ha. It is recommended to apply composts containing over 50% (by weight) of Category II wastes (substrate) for the amelioration of light soils, and composts containing over 40% (by weight) of Category I wastes (filler) for the amelioration of heavy soils. It would allow for the optimization of soil properties and production of better quality planting material in forest nurseries.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Ekamaida Ekamaida

The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One important element of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology University of Malikussaleh in the May until June 2016. This study aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in soil organic and inorganic so that can be used as an indicator to know the level of soil fertility. Data analysis was done by T-Test that is by comparing the mean of observation parameter to each soil sample. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 9 of soil samples taken from 9 sample points on the same plot diagonally both on organic soil and inorganic soil. The results showed the highest bacterial population was found in total organic soil cfu 180500000 and total inorganic soil cfu 62.500.000


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Yingjie Hu ◽  
Xiangbin Kong ◽  
Yuzhen Zhang

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
L. A. Sirenko ◽  
T. V. Parshikova ◽  
E. V. Patsko

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