scholarly journals Biochar effects of on soil fertility and growth of spruce seedlings in sowing sections of forest nurseries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.С. Дурова ◽  
А.В. Жигунов
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Улучшение агрохимических, физико-химических и биологических показателей почвы в результате внесения биоугля в качестве мелиоранта доказано множеством исследований. Наиболее эффективным при выращивании сельскохозяйственных культур оказалось применение мелиоранта в дозах от 1 до 30 т/га биоугля. Однако вопрос о влияния биоугля на рост сеянцев хвойных пород в посевных отделениях лесных питомников в научной литературе затронут не был. Целью исследования была оценка влияния различных доз биоугля на агрохимические параметры почв лесных питомников различного гранулометрического состава и на рост сеянцев ели обыкновенной Picea abies (L.). Фракции биоугля мелкого помола (диаметр частиц менее 5 мм) вносились в метровые отрезки пяти строчных посевных лент в дозах 5 и 25 т/га. В контрольных вариантах опыта биоуголь не вносился. Для посева использовали сухие семена хвойных пород, подготовленные к посеву по стандартным методикам. Проведение агротехнических приемов по выращиванию сеянцев проводилось по стандартным технологическим картам. Эксперимент проводился в пятикратной повторности. Изучался рост и развитие сеянцев ели европейской в течение трех вегетационных сезонов, а также показатели плодородия почв в посевных отделениях лесных питомников. На опытных делянках в конце каждого вегетационного сезона определялась высота сеянца и диаметр корневой шейки. Для определения массы было отобрано 30 модельных сеянцев. Масса определялась после высушивания до постоянного веса при температуре 80 С. Оценку параметров почвенного плодородия проводили по показателям содержания углерода органического вещества, кислотности, а также определялось содержание доступных форм азота, фосфора и калия. Выполнение агрохимических анализов производилось по стандартным методикам. Отбор проб почвы производился методом конверта в соответствии с ГОСТ 174.3.01–83. Для оценки достоверности влияния применяемых доз биоугля на рост сеянцев использовался однофакторный дисперсионный анализ. Внесение биоугля в почву посевного отделения питомников в дозе 5 и 25 т/га повлияло на изменение агрохимических показателей как песчаной, так и супесчаной почвы. В более плодородной супесчаной почве биоуголь положительно воздействовал на агрохимические показатели, что привело к улучшению показателей роста ели в первый вегетационный период. Однако воздействие биоугля на агрохимические показатели супесчаной почвы с течением времени постепенно снижалось. При внесении биоугля в дозе 5 т/га быстро срабатывается углерод, снижается содержание азота, что приводит к нивелированию показателей роста сеянцев по высоте уже после второго вегетационного сезона. Однако увеличение диаметра корневой шейки и массы сеянца достоверно по отношению к контролю при внесении и 5, и 25 т/га биоугля после трех лет выращивания. На песчаной почве эффект воздействия биоугля на почву более растянут во времени. К концу 3-го года положительные изменения агрохимических параметров почвы все еще продолжаются при внесении и 5, и 25 т/га биоугля. Однако вследствие более низких агрохимических показателей песчаной почвы рост сеянцев в этих условиях остается низким, и сеянцы за три года выращивания не достигают стандартных параметров даже при внесении мелиоранта. Improvement of agrochemical, physical, chemical and biological properties of soil as a result of biochar application as an ameliorant has been proved in numerous studies. Application of ameliorant in biochar doses ranging from 1 to 30 tons per ha has proved to be most effective in growing crops. However, biochar effects on the growth of coniferous seedlings in the sowing section of forest nurseries have not been considered in the literature. The aim of the research was to study the effects of different biochar doses on agrochemical parameters of soils in forest nurseries with different granulometric soil composition and on the growth of spruce seedlings (Picea abies (L.)). Biochar fine-ground fractions (5 mm in diameter) were introduced into one-meter length lines of five-row sowing tapes in doses of 5 and 25 t/ha. In the control variants of the experiment, biochar was not introduced. For seeding, dry conifer seeds were used, which were prepared for sowing by standard methods. Agrotechnical methods for growing seedlings were carried out according to standard technological maps. The experiment had five replicates. The growth and development of European spruce seedlings as well as soil fertility parameters were studied during three growing seasons in the sowing sections of forest nurseries. At the experimental plots, the height of the seedlings and the diameter of their root collars were determined at the end of each growing season. 30 model seedlings were selected to determine the mass of a seedling, which was done after the seedlings were dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 80 C. The soil fertility parameters were evaluated based on the carbon content of organic matter and acidity; in addition, the contents of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were determined. The agrochemical analyses were performed using standard methods and procedures. Soil sampling was carried out using the envelope method in accordance with GOST 174.3.01–83. The validity of the applied biochar doses on the growth of seedlings was assessed with the single-factor analysis of variance. The introduction of biochar to the soil of the nursery sowing section in doses of 5 and 25 t/ha influenced the agrochemical parameters of both sandy and sandy loamy soil. In more fertile sandy loam soils, biochar positively influenced agrochemical parameters of the soil, which resulted in higher growth rates of spruce in the first growing season. However, the biochar effects on the agrochemical parameters of sandy loamy soil gradually decreased with time. When biochar was applied in a dose of 5 t/ha, carbon and nitrogen contents decreased significantly, which led to leveling of height growth of seedlings after the second growing season. However, increase in the seedling root collar diameter and weight was significant with respect to the control for both doses of biochar, 5 and 25 t/ha, after three years of cultivation. On sandy soil, the biochar effects on soil were more extended in time. By the end of 3 years, positive changes in the agrochemical parameters of the soil were still going on for both doses, 5 and 25 t/ha. However, due to lower agrochemical parameters of sandy soil, the growth of seedlings in these conditions remained low and the seedlings did not reach the standard parameters after three years of cultivation, even with the introduction of ameliorant.

scholarly journals Application of organic waste composts when producing forest planting material

2016 ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Evgeny Romanov ◽  
Dmitry Mukhortov ◽  
Tatiana Nureeva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Most seedlings and saplings of woody plants in the Russian Federation are produced in the open ground in forest nurseries. In order to produce high quality planting material it is necessary to support and preserve soil fertility, which can be obtained by using organic wastes and organic-based fertilizers. Our research is aimed at the assessment of the influence of non-conventional organic fertilizers on fertility of podzols and on the growth rate of seedlings and saplings of woody plants in forest nurseries. Our research shows, that the application of non-conventional organic fertilizers does not result in any accumulation of heavy metal salts in podzols, but optimizes hydro physical and agrochemical properties of the ploughed horizon. The efficiency of non-conventional organic fertilizers depends on their composition, physical and chemical characteristics of the original components, their doses applied and original fertility of soils. A combined application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and sand results in the optimization of practically all soil fertility parameters in middle clay-loam soils, while application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and clay is optimal for application on light soils. The optimal application dose of non-conventional fertilizers depends on soil texture, woody species and the fertilizer composition. An optimal application dose for Norway spruce on a light clay-loam soil is 50-80 tons/ha, and on a middle clay-loam soil is 149-182 tons/ha. It is 50 tons/ha for Scots pine growing on a sandy loam soil, and 100 tons/ha for the same species growing on a sandy soil or a light clay-loam. For Siberian larch growing on a light clay-loam soil the dose of fertilizer applied should be 150 tons/ha. It is recommended to apply composts containing over 50% (by weight) of Category II wastes (substrate) for the amelioration of light soils, and composts containing over 40% (by weight) of Category I wastes (filler) for the amelioration of heavy soils. It would allow for the optimization of soil properties and production of better quality planting material in forest nurseries.

INFLUENCE OF UNCONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SODDY-PODZOLY SANDY SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Leonova ◽  
◽  
T.A. Spasskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Loam Soil

The change in the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil when using coffee waste and sewage sludge as a fertilizer for oats in comparison with traditional fertilizers is considered. During the study, it was determined that the predominant groups were bacteria and actinomycetes. Bacilli and fungi are few in number. The introduction of sewage sludge and coffee waste into the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil at a dose of 10 t / ha increases the activity of the microflora of the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, which increases the effective and potential fertility.

Red spruce seedling gas exchange in response to elevated CO2, water stress, and soil fertility treatments

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Samuelson ◽  
J.R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growing Seasons

The interactive influences of ambient (374 μL•L−1) or elevated (713 μL•L−1) CO2, low or high soil fertility, well-watered or water-stressed treatment, and rooting volume on gas exchange and growth were examined in red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) grown from seed through two growing seasons. Leaf gas exchange throughout two growing seasons and growth after two growing seasons in response to elevated CO2 were independent of soil fertility and water-stress treatments, and rooting volume. During the first growing season, no reduction in leaf photosynthesis of seedlings grown in elevated CO2 compared with seedlings grown in ambient CO2 was observed when measured at the same CO2 concentration. During the second growing season, net photosynthesis was up to 21% lower for elevated CO2-grown seedlings than for ambient CO2-grown seedlings when measured at 358 μL•L−1. Thus, photosynthetic acclimation to growth in elevated CO2 occurred gradually and was not a function of root-sink strength or soil-fertility treatment. However, net photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an elevated CO2 concentration was still over 2 times greater than the photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an ambient CO2 concentration. Growth enhancement by CO2 was maintained, since seedlings grown in elevated CO2 were 40% larger in both size and weight after two growing seasons.

Contrast between sandy and clay soils in the effects of various factors on the growth, nitrogen uptake and yield of winter wheat in three years

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Thorne ◽  
P. J. Welbank ◽  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
A. Penny ◽  
A. D. Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Number Of Shoots

SummaryWinter wheat grown following potatoes on a sandy loam at Woburn in 1978–9, 1980–1 and 1981–2 was compared with that on a clay loam at Rothamsted in 1978–9 and 1980–1, and on a silty clay (alluvium) at Woburn in 1981–2. The cultivar was Hustler in the harvest years 1979 and 1981 and Avalon in 1982. On each soil in each year multifactorial experiments tested effects of combinations of six factors, each at two levels.The best 4-plot mean grain yield ranged from 89 to 11·1 t/ha during the 3 years; it was smaller on the sandy soil than on the clay soil in 1979, but larger on sand than on the clay in 1981 and 1982. Until anthesis the number of shoots, dry weight and N content of the wheat giving these best yields were less on sand than on clay. Unlike grain weight, straw weight was always less on sand.Sowing in mid-September instead of mid-October increased grain yield on clay in each year (by 0·4·0·7 t/ha) and increased yield on sand only in 1981 (by 1·6 t/ha). Early sowing always increased dry weight, leaf area, number of shoots and N uptake until May. The benefits were always greater on clay than on sand immediately before N fertilizer was applied in the spring and usually lessened later on both soils.Aldicarb as an autumn pesticide increased grain yield of early-sown wheat on both soils in 1981 by lessening infection with barley yellow dwarf virus. Aldicarb increased yield on clay in 1982; it also decreased the number of plant parasitic nematodes.Wheat on sand was more responsive to nitrogen in division, timing and amount than was wheat on clay. In 1979 yield of wheat on sand was increased by dividing spring N between March, April and May, instead of giving it all in April, and in 1982 by giving winter N early in February. In 1981 division and timing on sand interacted with sowing date. Yield of early-sown wheat given N late, i.e. in March, April and May, exceeded that given N early, i.e. in February, March and May, by 1·4 t/ha; single dressings given all in March or all in April also yielded less than the late divided dressing. Yield of later-sown wheat given all the N in April was at least 1·2 t/ha less than with all N given in March or with divided N. In all years treatments that increased yield usually also increased N uptake. Grain yield on clay was never affected by division or timing of spring N or by application of winter N. This was despite the fact that all treatments that involved a delay in the application of N depressed growth and N uptake in spring on both sand and clay. The mean advantage in N uptake following early application of spring N eventually reversed on both soils, so that uptake at maturity was greater from late than from early application. Increasing the amount of N given in spring from the estimated requirement for 9 t/ha grain yield to that for 12 t/ha increased yield in 1982, especially on sand. The larger amount of N always increased the number of ears but often decreased the number of grains per ear and the size of individual grains.Irrigation increased grain yield only on the sandy soil, by 1·1 t/ha in 1979 and by 07 t/ha in 1981 and 1982. The component responsible was dry weight per grain in 1979 and 1982, when soil moisture deficits reaching maximum values of 136 and 110 mm respectively in the 2 years developed after anthesis; the component responsible was number of ears/m2 in 1982 when the maximum deficit of 76 mm occurred earlier, in late May.

Sulfonylurea herbicides applied to acidic sandy soils: movement, persistence and activity within the growing season

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Blacklow ◽  
PC Pheloung
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Late Application ◽  
Lime Addition

Chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron were applied to the surface of acidic, sandy loam at a low rainfall site in 1989 (129 mm June-October) and a high rainfall site in 1990 (217 mm July-August). Four environments were obtained by early and late application times and lime addition in 1989 and by a wetter site in 1990. The pH of the surface 10 cm was 4.9 in 1989, 5.8 in 1990 and 6.5 after the addition of limestone in 1989. The plots were left fallow or sown, prior to herbicide applications, to wheat (cv. Kulin). Hourly averages of rainfall, soil and air temperature were recorded. The temperature range was 2.7�C to 23.2�C. The soil profiles were sampled on 5 to 7 occasions and herbicide residues were determined by a laboratory bioassay (sensitivity >0.4 8g kg-1 soil). Chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron were detected to 300 mm in the wetter environment but neither herbicide was as mobile in the profile as water. More herbicide moved to the lower layers of the profile in the higher pH environment. The half-lives for residues ranged from 12 to 28 days. Shoot biomass of wheat seedlings was suppressed by both herbicides but grain yields were unaffected. The residues failed to prevent reinvasion of the wheat plots by weeds, notably Arctotheca calendula.

Assessment of transpiration estimates for Picea abies trees during a growing season

Trees ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Cienciala ◽  
Anders Lindroth ◽  
Jan Čermák ◽  
Jan-Erik Hällgren ◽  
Jiří Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Growing Season

scholarly journals Soil quality and proposal for fertility improvement of arable soil in Rasina District

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (51) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Biljana Sikirić ◽  
Vesna Mrvić ◽  
Olivera Stajković-Srbinović ◽  
Vladan Ugrenović ◽  
Darko Jaramaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Very High

During the regular control of soil fertility in the Rasina District, it was established that the plots of land were distributed across Vertisol, Eutric Cambisol and Fluvisol types of soils, and to a lesser extent on Pseudogley and Ranker. The tested samples had different textures - sandy loam and loam, clay-sandy loam and clay loam, and clay. Plots of land that were of very acidic and acidic reactions were predominant, with medium amounts of humus, very low amounts of available phosphorus, and high amounts of available potassium. High or very high cation absorption capacity was found in about half of the examined fields; a deficient content of exchangeable Ca was recorded in 22% of plots and that of exchangeable Mg in 16% of plots, while an unfavorable Ca/Mg ratio was measured in 44% of plots. The overall sensitivity to acidification was mainly moderate (50.6% of plots) and strong (20.2% of plots). Very high concentrations of mobile Al, which could be toxic to plants, were found in 5 field plots.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KESUBURAN TANAH DI DUSUN KEKAWII III DESA RANDOTONDA KECAMATAN ENDE KABUPATEN ENDE

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastianus Kuswara ◽  
Charly Mutiara
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Soil Clay

Evaluation soil fertility in dusun kekawii III randotonda Village, Ende District, Ende Regency. This study aims to determine the physical properties of the soil and the level of suitability of the land in Kekawii III hamlet, Randotonda village, Ende District, Ende Regency. Research is exploratory research, by evaluating physical properties, the evaluation results are described and compared with the standard physical properties of existing soil. The results of the study show that the soil properties in Kekawii III Hamlet are the soil texture of the sandy soil, clay. In structures, the types that exist are rounded lumps, lumpy angles, granular structures. On the color of the land dominated by Dark brown, Very dark gray, Very dark grayish brown. The consistency of land, it can be seen that these lands have a consistency that is sticky, plastic, loose, soft. The pH of the soil ranges from 4.2-6.4 and the slope ranges from 5% - 12%

scholarly journals Modeling of Azadirachta indica leaves powder efficiency for the remediation of soil contaminated with crude oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CI Chemistry International
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Total Bacteria

A regression analysis model was developed to examine the reliability and the acceptability of the sun-dried and room-dried Azadirachta indica leaves for the remediation crude oil contaminated soil in Niger Deltal, Nigeria. An experimental approach was used to monitor the concentration of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation that was enhanced in the presence of the microbes in the reactor. A regression analysis was performed to evaluate the reaction behavior microbes in reactor for the remediation of the TPH in the presence of sun-dried and room-dried A. indica leaves in sandy and loamy soils contaminated with 100 ml of crude oil. The physicochemical properties of control loamy soil was as; pH (6.75), electric conductivity (10.36 μS/cm), total oxygen (2.99%), total Nitrogen (0.091%), potassium (36.82942%), phosphorus (15.36%) and total bacteria (2.15×102 cfu/g). Whereas, these values were as pH (6.82), electric conductivity (21.48 μS/cm), total oxygen content (1.18%), total nitrogen (0.036%), potassium (24.03681%), phosphorus (5.18%) and total bacteria count (1.86×102 cfu/g) for sandy soil. The inoculant was prepared by blending sun-dried and room-dried A. indica leaves. The blended A. indica leaves in 50 to 100 g range were applied on the polluted soils for 35 days and significant reduction in contaminating agents was observed. The highest remediation was observed in soils treated with 100 g room dried A. indica leaves. A 96% remediation recorded in sandy soil treated with 100 g room dried A. indica leaves as TPH depleted from 35818.69 mg/kg to 1349.109 mg/kg and 92% reduction was observed in loamy soil treated with 100 g dried A. indica leaves and TPH depleted from 48508.92 mg/kg to 3977.739 mg/kg. The regression model developed was successfully employed to predict TPH remediation behavior, which can be applied to monitor remediation of contaminated soil.

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