COUNTING TOTAL BACTERIA IN LAND ORGANIC WASTE HOUSEHOLD AND LAND INORGANIC WITH TOTAL PLATE COUNT METHOD (TPC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Ekamaida Ekamaida
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Bacteria

The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One important element of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology University of Malikussaleh in the May until June 2016. This study aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in soil organic and inorganic so that can be used as an indicator to know the level of soil fertility. Data analysis was done by T-Test that is by comparing the mean of observation parameter to each soil sample. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 9 of soil samples taken from 9 sample points on the same plot diagonally both on organic soil and inorganic soil. The results showed the highest bacterial population was found in total organic soil cfu 180500000 and total inorganic soil cfu 62.500.000

Comparison of bacterial populations in bedding material, on teat ends, and in milk of cows housed in compost bedded pack barns

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Albino ◽  
J. L. Taraba ◽  
M. I. Marcondes ◽  
E. A. Eckelkamp ◽  
J. M. Bewley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Total Bacteria

The objective of this study was to observe relationships among somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteria counts in milk, on teat ends of lactating cows, and in compost samples from the aerated layer of the compost bedded pack. Twenty-nine lactating cows were used in this study. Clinically mastitis cows were not selected for the trial. The correlation between total bacteria count (TBC) and Streptococcus spp. of teat end and hygiene score was (r = 0.49) and (0.44, P = 0.01), respectively. In addition, there was a positive correlation (0.40, P = 0.03) between TBC on teat ends and somatic cell score. When analysing bacterial populations on teat ends and in milk, there was a positive correlation (0.39, P = 0.03) between Escherichia coli at the teat end and coliform counts in milk and also a positive correlation (0.38, P = 0.04) between coliform counts at the teat end and milk. Furthermore, Streptococcus spp. counts on teat end were positively correlated (0.38, P = 0.04) with TBC in milk. Although correlations were observed between hygiene score and SCC with bacterial population, all correlations were moderate. Therefore, hygiene score was not an efficient tool to estimate bacterial populations on teat end and milk.

scholarly journals Komunitas Bakteri pada Saluran Pencernaan Lobster Mutiara (Panulirus ornatus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Arba’i Kartini Nurhasanah ◽  
Faturrahman Faturrahman
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Water Complex ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Total Bacteria

The presence of microbial communities in the digestive tract affects the physiological functions of digestion. The purpose of this study is to determine the bacterial community in the digestive tract of lobsters, especially pearl lobsters. This research is descriptive explorative. Samples were taken from the lobster digestive tract which was divided into 3, namely the cardiac, pylorus and intestinal sections and each part was counted for the total bacteria using the TPC (Total Plate Count) method. Then isolated from the Sea Water Complex media and partially characterized. The results showed that the total number of bacterial cells in cardiac, piloric and intestinal cells were 41.91 x 108 cfu.ml-1, 18.26 x 108 cfu.ml-1 and 14.10 x 108 cfu.ml-1 respectively. The number of bacterial isolates obtained from the lobster pearl digestive tract were 51 isolates with details of 18 cardiac isolates, 16 isolates in piloric, and 17 isolates in the intestine. Phenotypic isolates obtained from lobster digestive tract bacteria consisted of monococcus 37.25%, diplococcus 27.45%, streptococcus 29.41%, staphylococcus 1.96%, and long baccil 3.92%, while gram positive 62.65 % and gram negative at 37.25%

scholarly journals Use of Probiotics to Fight Bacterial Populations of Vibrio sp. on Vaname Shrimp Cultivation (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fadhil Mustafa ◽  
Margaretha Bunga ◽  
Marlina Achmad
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Commercial Probiotics ◽  
Aquaculture Waste

The consequence of super intensive shrimp farming is an increase in aquaculture waste and disease transmission. Vibrio sp. Bacteria is a disease-causing agent in shrimp larvae when the shrimp is in a state of stress and weakness, and can cause death. The application of probiotics, namely beneficial microorganisms can degrade organic matter, reduce disease, and help accelerate the process of nutrient cycles as a consequence of super intensive shrimp farming. Commercial probiotics currently available are a mixture of several types of beneficial microorganisms, namely Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Aerobacter sp., and Nitrobacter sp. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of probiotics with different time intervals to produce a decrease in the population of Vibrio sp. The research method applied was the treatment of commercial probiotics at different intervals of three, five, and seven days and without the administration of probiotics as controls. Furthermore, the bacterial population was calculated by total plate count (TPC). The results showed that the administration of probiotics had a significant effect on the decrease in the population of Vibrio sp. Provision of probiotics three days apart showed a decrease in the number of bacterial populations that were significantly different from the controls, but the same as the administration of intervals of five and seven days. The decrease in the number of bacterial populations in the treatment interval of three, five, and seven days in a row is 0.05 x , 0.41 x , and 0.61 x  CFU / ml. This study recommends that the use of commercial probiotics intervals of seven days for super intensive vaname shrimp farming. The use of probiotics for three days indicates an impact on the increase in expenditure costs for probiotics. Commercial probiotic studies modified with natural microorganisms are thought to be able to streamline the operational costs of shrimp farming.Keywords: Vibrio sp. bacteria, probiotics, vaname shrimp, super intensive cultivation

Enumeration of Total Bacteria and Coliforms in Milk by Dry Rehydratable Film Methods: Collaborative Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy E Ginn ◽  
Vernal S Packard ◽  
Terrance L Fox ◽  
◽  
E Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Bacteria

Abstract Eleven laboratories participated in a collaborative study to compare the dry rehydratable film (Petrifilm® SM and Petrifilm® VRB) methods, respectively, to the standard plate count (SPC) and violet red bile agar (VRBA) standard methods for estimation of total bacteria and coliform counts in raw and homogenized pasteurized milk. Each laboratory analyzed 16 samples (8 different samples in blind duplicate) for total count by both the SPC and Petrifilm SM methods. A second set of 16 samples was analyzed by the VRBA and Petrifilm VRB methods. The repeatability standard deviations (the square root of the between-replicates variance) of the SPC, Petrifilm SM, VRBA, and Petrifilm VRB methods were 0.0S104, 0.0444, 0.14606, and 0.13806, respectively; the reproducibility standard deviations were 0.7197, C.06380, 0.15326, and 0.13806, respectively. The difference between the mean Iog10 SPC and the mean logio Petrifilm SM results was 0.027. For the VRBA and Petrifilm VRB methods, the mean log10 difference was 0.013. These results generally indicate the suitability of the dry rehydratable film methods as alternatives to the SPC and VRBA methods for milk samples. The methods have been adopted official first action.

Internalization of Bacterial Pathogens in Tomatoes and Their Control by Selected Chemicals

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1353-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. IBARRA-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
S. ALVARADO-CASILLAS ◽  
M. O. RODRÍGUEZ-GARCÍA ◽  
N. E. MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLES ◽  
A. CASTILLO
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Enrichment Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Internal Ph ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Mean

The effect of different washing or sanitizing agents was compared for preventing or reducing surface and internal contamination of tomatoes by Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The tomatoes were inoculated by dipping them in a bacterial suspension containing approximately 6.0 log CFU/ml of each pathogen and then rinsing them with tap water, hypochlorite solution (250 mg/liter), or lactic acid solution (2%, wt/vol). All treatments were applied by dipping or spraying, and solutions were applied at 5, 25, 35, and 55°C. With the exception of the lactic acid dip at 5°C, all treatments reduced both pathogens on the surfaces of the tomatoes by at least 2.9 cycles. No significantly different results were obtained (P > 0.05) with the dipping and spraying techniques. For internalized pathogens, the mean counts for tomatoes treated with water alone or with chlorine ranged from 0.8 to 2.1 log CFU/g. In contrast, after lactic acid spray treatment, all core samples of tomatoes tested negative for Salmonella Typhimurium and, except for one sample with a low but detectable count, all samples tested negative for E. coli O157:H7 with a plate count method. When the absence of pathogens was verified by an enrichment method, Salmonella was not recovered from any samples, whereas two of four samples tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 even though the counts were negative. Few cells of internalized pathogens were able to survive in the center of the tomato during storage at room temperature (25 to 28°C). The average superficial pH of tomatoes treated with tap water, chlorine, or lactic acid was 4.9 to 5.2, 4.1 to 4.3, and 2.5, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas no differences were observed in the internal pH (3.6 to 3.7) of the tomatoes treated with different sanitizers. The general practice in the tomato industry is to wash the tomatoes in chlorinated water. However, chlorine is rapidly degraded by organic matter usually present in produce. Therefore, lactic acid sprays may be a more effective alternative for decontaminating tomato surfaces. The use of warm (55°C) sprays could reduce pathogen internalization during washing.

Seasonal abundance of Halomonas meridiana, Halomonas subglaciescola, Flavobacterium gondwanense and Flavobacterium salegens in four Antarctic lakes

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. James ◽  
H. R. Burton ◽  
T. A. McMeekin ◽  
C. A. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Species Composition Change

Indirect immunofluorescence was used to quantify the seasonal variation of four halophilic aerobic Antarctic bacteria in Antarctic saline lakes from July 1990 to January 1991. Antibodies were raised against type strains from the Australian Collection of Antarctic Microorganisms. During summer, all four serogroups were identified in the aerobic waters of lakes with total dissolved salts above 61%. Maximal abundances of Halomonas meridiana, H. subglaciescola and Flavobacterium gondwanense serogroups were observed at discrete depths within the water column in the two most hypersaline lakes at about midsummer, coincident with the time of maximum sunlight and the commencement of the summer thaw. At this time the Halomonas spp. serogroups comprised up to 40% of the total bacteria and the F. gondwanense serogroup up to 10% of the total bacteria. The F. salegens serogroup was in low numbers (>2% of total bacteria) in some aerobic waters. Up to 2% of the total bacterial populations in the lakes were autofluorescent or stained non-specifically. Dissolved organic carbon values were measured throughout the sampling period and correlated well with total bacterial numbers but not with changes in species composition. Change in species abundance, as indicated by immunofluorescence, was not reflected in the total bacterial count, indicating compositional change of the total bacterial population.

scholarly journals Dinamika Populasi Mikroba Tanah dan Respon Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) Terhadap Aplikasi Amelioran Pupuk Organik

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Putri Istiqoma Kaharu ◽  
Agustina Monalisa Tangapo ◽  
Susan Marlein Mambu
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Number Of Leaves

(Article History: Received March 4, 2021; Revised March 31, 2021; Accepted April 7, 2021) ABSTRAKPemanfaatan kembali limbah pertanian sebagai pupuk organik memiliki prospek yang baik dalam meningkatkan produktivitas lahan melalui perbaikan sifat biologi tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek pemberian amelioran pupuk organik dari limbah jagung (Zea mays L.) terhadap peningkatan jumlah populasi mikroba tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan tiga kali ulangan: AA (Amelioran  pupuk organik jagung 40 kg/ha), AB (Amelioran pupuk organik jagung 80 kg/ha), UR (Urea 40 kg/ha), dan K (tanpa amelioran atau urea). Perhitungan jumlah koloni mikroba tanah menggunakan metode hitungan cawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan amelioran pupuk organik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap populasi mikroba tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung pada parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun. Perlakuan amelioran pupuk organik jagung tidak menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap diameter batang. Kata kunci: Amelioran; mikroba tanah; pupuk organik; Zea mays L. ABSTRACTThe reuse of agricultural waste as organic fertilizer has good prospects in increasing land productivity by improving soil biological properties. The aims of this study was to analyze the effect of using ameliorant organic fertilizer application from corn waste to increase the number of soil microbial populations and the growth of maize plants (Zea mays L.). The method was using CRD (Complete Random Design), which consist of 4 treatments with three repetitions: AA (Ameliorant corn organic fertilizer 40 kg/ha), AB (Ameliorant corn organic fertilizer 80 kg/ha), UR (Urea 40 kg/ha), and K (without ameliorant or urea). Calculation of the number of soil microbials colonies was using the plate count method. The results showed that the treatment of ameliorant organic fertilizer had a significant effect on soil microbials population and growth of maize on the parameters of plant height and number of leaves. The treatment of organic fertilizer ameliorant showed no effect on stem diameter.Keywords: Ameliorant; Soil microbes; Organic fertilizer; Zea mays L.

scholarly journals Isolation of Aerobic Bacteria Flora in the Gills and Gastrointestinal Tract of Culturable Freshwater Fish from Ogbia Bayelsa State

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Obhioze Augustine Akpoka ◽  
Christiana Ngozi Opara
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Qualitative Estimation

Fish is in high demand as food, food additives, and supplements as they are a rich source of carbon, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Fish has been established to possess bacterial populations on or in their skin, gills, digestive tract, etc. with their microbial diversity often reflecting the bacterial populations of the surrounding water which are either allochthonous or allochthonous. This study isolated and enumerated aerobic bacteria flora in the gastrointestinal tract and gills of four culturable freshwater fish (Silver catfish, Tilapia, Clarias, and Heterobranchus). These species of cultural freshwater fish were obtained and each adult specie held in a separate glass containing unchlorinated water and transferred to the laboratory. The quantitative and qualitative estimation of the bacteria flora present in the gill and Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT) of fish were investigated. The Mean total plate count on Nutrient Agar (NA), Blood Agar (BA), MacConkey Agar (MCA), Cysteine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient Agar, (CLED Agar) and Salmonella – Shigella Agar (SSA) was found to be 60 and 40 CFU, 150 and 80 CFU, 100 and 90 CFU and 80 and 70 CFU respectively. Most of the isolates were of public significance. The results showed that fish contains a large number of microbiotas which may play a role in nutrition and health.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Bakteriosin Produksi Bakteri Asam Laktat Isolat Indonesia terhadap Jumlah Bakteri dalam Susu Pasteurisasi

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Nurliana Nurliana ◽  
Idwan Sudirman ◽  
Mirnawati Sudarwanto ◽  
Raden Roso Soejoedono
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Lactobacillus Amylovorus ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Total Bacteria

The effect of bacteriocin produced by Indonesia Isolate of lactic acid bacteria toward total bacteria in pasteurized milkABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to study the ability of bacteriocin (amylocin) produced by Indonesian isolate of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) (Lactobacillus amylovorus US 121) and its combination with nisin in pasteurized milk. The total bacteria was measured by plate count method. The antimicrobial activity of amylosin at 64 AU/ml had the same activity with nisin at 625 AU/ml and its combination between amylosin and nisin at 32 AU/ml and 312,5 AU/ml respectively against psychrotrophic, thermoduric bacteria and L. monocytogenes in pasteurized milk. However, combination of amylosin and nisin (32 AU/ml + 312,5 AU/ml) able to reduce S. aureus in pasteurized milk. Amylosin at 64 AU/ml kept the shelf life of pasteurized milk longer until 12 days at 10oC. The addition of amylosin (the precipitate resulted by ammonium sulfate precipitation at 70% w/v) changed the color of pasteurized milk be brownish white.

100. The Plate Count of Milk. Experimental Errors in the Examination of I, (a) Different Portions of the Same Sample by the Same Person, (b) Different Portions of the Same Sample by two Different Persons in one Laboratory; and II, Different Portions of the Same Milk by Ten Persons in Ten Different Laboratories

1935 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. R. Mattick ◽  
J. McClemont ◽  
J. O. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Plate Count ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Count Method ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Final Count ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
The Mean

(1) 419 samples were counted in each of ten stations (laboratories) in order to assess the accuracy of the plate-count method under the conditions existing in practice.(2) When, in each count, that plate which would ordinarily be used in practice is selected for the final count, it is found that the range which would include 95 per cent, of counts in the same sample is as wide as from one-ninth of the mean to nine times the mean when inter-station differences are taken into account. For 80 per cent, of counts in the same sample the corresponding range would be from 1/(4·1) of the mean to 4·1 times the mean.(3) Systematic differences between stations under these conditions account for between 3 and 4 per cent, of the total experimental variation.(4) When thirty-one complete samples in which all counts were made at a dilution of 1/10 were statistically analysed separately it was found that the range which would include 95 per cent, of counts in the same sample was from 1/(3·7) of the mean to 3·7 times the mean. For 80 per cent, of counts in the same sample the corresponding range would be from 1/(2·3) of the mean to 2·3 times the mean. There were no systematic station differences.(5) When all plates are counted at the same dilution the error is therefore much reduced and this result suggests that the systematic station differences exhibited by the 419 samples as well as some of the random errors occurring in them is due to the combining of plate counts made at different dilutions.In effect this means that owing to the different conditions encountered during transit comparable figures for any sample could not be expected.

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