Surface Runoff Modelling in Steep Terrain in a GIS Environment

2003 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
R. Arsov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Steep Terrain

scholarly journals Possibilities of including surface runoff barriers in the slope-length factor calculation in the GIS environment and its integration in the user-friendly LS-RUSLE tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 246-257
Author(s):  
Jiří Brychta ◽  
Martina Brychtová
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Slope Length Factor ◽  
Ephemeral Gullies ◽  
Erosion Modelling ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
User Friendly

The effect of the morphology is key aspect of erosion modelling. In Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) type methods, this effect is expressed by the topographic factor (LS). The LS calculation in GIS is performed by a unit contributing area (UCA) method and can mainly be influenced by the pixel resolution, by the flow direction algorithm and by the inclusion of a hydrologically closed unit (HCU) principle, the cutoff slope angle (CSA) principle and the ephemeral gullies extraction (EG) principle. This research presents a new LS-RUSLE tool created with the inclusion of these principles in the automatic user-friendly GIS tool. The HCU principle using a specific surface runoff interruption algorithm, based on pixels with NoData values at the interruption points (pixels), appears to be key. With this procedure, the occurrence of overestimation results by flow conversion was rapidly reduced. Additionally, the reduction of extreme L and LS values calculated in the GIS environment was reached by the application of the CSA and EG principles. The results of the LS-RUSLE model show the prospective use of this tool in practice.

Assessment of surface runoff depth changes in Sǎrǎţel River basin, Romania using GIS techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costache Romulus ◽  
Fontanine Iulia ◽  
Corodescu Ema
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Runoff Depth ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Scs Cn

AbstractSǎrǎţel River basin, which is located in Curvature Subcarpahian area, has been facing an obvious increase in frequency of hydrological risk phenomena, associated with torrential events, during the last years. This trend is highly related to the increase in frequency of the extreme climatic phenomena and to the land use changes. The present study is aimed to highlight the spatial and quantitative changes occurred in surface runoff depth in Sǎrǎţel catchment, between 1990–2006. This purpose was reached by estimating the surface runoff depth assignable to the average annual rainfall, by means of SCS-CN method, which was integrated into the GIS environment through the ArcCN-Runoff extension, for ArcGIS 10.1. In order to compute the surface runoff depth, by CN method, the land cover and the hydrological soil classes were introduced as vector (polygon data), while the curve number and the average annual rainfall were introduced as tables. After spatially modeling the surface runoff depth for the two years, the 1990 raster dataset was subtracted from the 2006 raster dataset, in order to highlight the changes in surface runoff depth.

scholarly journals O uso dos dados lidar para a compreensão da dinâmica de escoamento e acúmulo de águas em Recife – PE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 3255
Author(s):  
Alessandra De Santana Lima ◽  
Camila Gardenea de Almeida Bandim ◽  
Gabriel Antonio Silva Soares ◽  
Juliana Patrícia Fernandes Guedes Barros ◽  
Josiclêda Domiciano Galvíncio
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flow Accumulation ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Urban Concentration ◽  
Natural Dynamics

Os grandes aglomerados urbanos desencadeiam profundas problemáticas de natureza hidroclimática, resultantes principalmente das formas de uso e ocupação do solo. Os padrões hídricos, tais como escoamento e acúmulo de fluxo, são afetados diretamente pelo efeito de impermeabilização do solo decorrente das construções humanas e quando esta estrutura urbana é somada aos eventos climáticos extremos, culminam na ocorrência periódica de inundações. Diante deste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender e identificar os danos hidrológicos decorrentes da concentração urbana, sobre a dinâmica natural do escoamento, a fim de investigar os fatores que provocam estas inundações nas determinadas regiões. A área de estudo do presente trabalho é representada por folhas de amostragem do sensor LiDAR das Regiões político administrativas IV e VI do município do Recife, Pernambuco. Para subsidiar a análise proposta, os modelos digitais de elevação do projeto Pernambuco 3D, provenientes do sensor LiDAR, foram processados em ambiente SIG, e a partir destes dados de alta resolução espacial foi possível analisar detalhadamente as variáveis que propiciam o escoamento superficial e acúmulo de fluxo nas áreas em estudo. Os resultados obtidos para as áreas de amostragem, foram analisados e comparados com as políticas públicas de drenagem urbana e planejamento territorial vigentes, avaliando a relação entre as redes de macro e microdrenagem, com a ocorrência de inundações no meio urbano. The use of lidar data for the understanding of water flow and accumulation dynamics in the Recife – PEA B S T R A C TLarge urban agglomerations result in huge problems of hydroclimatic nature, resulting mainly from the forms of land use and occupation. Water patterns, such as runoff and flow accumulation, are directly affected by the waterproofing effect from human constructions, and when added to the extreme weather events, they culminate in a periodic occurrence of urban floods. The study area of the present work is represented by the LiDAR sensor sampling sheets from the administrative political Regions IV and VI of the municipality of Recife, in Pernambuco. Given this context, the present study aims to understand and identify the hydrological damage caused by the urban concentration on the natural dynamics of runoff, to investigate the factors that cause these floods in that specific region. To subsidize the proposed analysis, the digital elevation models of the Pernambuco 3D project, from the LiDAR sensor, were processed in a GIS environment, and from these high spatial resolution data it was possible to analyze in detail the variables that propitiate surface runoff and flow accumulation in the areas under study. The results obtained for the sampling areas were analyzed and compared with the urban drainage and territorial planning public policies in force, evaluating the relationship between the macro and micro drainage networks, with the occurrence of floods in the urban environment. Keywords: Geoprocessing. remote sensing. urbanization. urban flood. surface runoff.

Pengaruh Penambahan Abu Kayu Dan Abu Bambu Terhadap Kepadatan Tanah Lempung

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Vella Maulina Kris Putri ◽  
Agata Iwan Candra ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Native Soil

The soil has an important role in construction, namely as the loading of soil on clay. It is necessary to improve the nature of the shrinkage. The authors conducted the study to increase the strength of clay by adding wood ashes and bamboo ashes. Wood ash and bamboo ash have pozzolan properties expected to add power to clay when weighted, would drop significantly.  Material compares in this study using a mix of wood ash and bamboo ash with a variation of 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%. Meanwhile, the clay soil is taken directly from the ravaged area, from bulging villages, from the grid district. The results showed that the soil is categorized as montmorillonite soil with properties that can damage light structures and road surface runoff. After adding wood and bamboo ash, it showed optimum results of 12% of the dry fixed test items showing a liquid limit’s value at 41,00%, plastic limit at 28,43%, and the net value of plastic limit at 12,57%. When testing for solidification using native soil at a dry volume of 7,91, gr/cm rainfall can increase by 10,42 gr/cm additives after adding 12% of wood ash and bamboo ash.Tanah memiliki peran penting dalam konstruksi yaitu sebagai pembebanan tanah pada tanah liat. Perlu untuk memperbaiki sifat penyusutan. Penulis melakukan penelitian untuk meningkatkan kekuatan tanah liat dengan cara menambahkan abu kayu dan abu bambu. Abu kayu dan abu bambu memiliki sifat pozzolan yang diharapkan dapat menambah kekuatan pada tanah liat saat tertimbang, akan turun secara signifikan. Perbandingan material dalam penelitian ini menggunakan campuran abu kayu dan abu bambu dengan variasi 0%, 4%, 8%, dan 12%. Sementara itu, tanah lempung diambil langsung dari area yang rusak, dari desa-desa yang menggembung, dari grid distrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanah tersebut dikategorikan sebagai tanah montmorillonite dengan sifat yang dapat merusak struktur ringan dan aliran permukaan jalan. Setelah dilakukan penambahan abu kayu dan bambu didapatkan hasil optimum dari 12% benda uji tetap kering yang menunjukkan nilai batas cair 41,00%, batas plastis  28,43%,   dan   nilai   bersih   batas  plastis  12,57%.   Pada pengujian solidifikasi menggunakan tanah asli pada volume kering 7,91 gr / cm curah hujan dapat meningkat sebesar 10,42 gr / cm aditif setelah penambahan 12% abu kayu dan abu bambu.

Обезвреживание поверхностного стока – важный вклад в охрану водных объектов

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
G. Variushina
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Retention Basin ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Russian Federation

Приводятся сведения о разработанных специалистами АО МосводоканалНИИпроект научных исследованиях и проектных решениях в области очистки поверхностных сточных вод с территории Москвы, причинах загрязнения водоисточников неочищенными поверхностными стоками в 1970х годах. Представлены основные характеристики комплексов глубокой очистки поверхностных стоков, разработанных проектов очистных сооружений для промышленных предприятий с площадью водосбора 0,3 1 5 10 и 15 га. Показано, что эффективность очистки поверхностных сточных вод соответствует требованиям, предъявляемым к водоемам рыбохозяйственного значения. При этом для обезвоживания осадка, образующегося в накопительном резервуаре очистных сооружений, в технологической схеме предусмотрена песковая площадка, а для сбора плавающих нефтепродуктов нефтеразделитель. Новизна разработанной технологии обезвреживания поверхностного стока и обработки осадка была подтверждена пятью патентами РФ, одобрена Госстроем РФ, Центральным управлением по рыбохозяйственной экспертизе и нормативам по сохранению, воспроизводству водных биологических ресурсов и акклиматизации, Городской санитарной службой Москвы и области, службами Москомприроды и Мосгосэкспертизы. Показан вклад специалистов лаборатории обработки природных, промышленнодождевых сточных вод и осадка в решение проблем очистки поверхностного стока. Приведена информация об истории развития и перспективных направлениях научной деятельности лаборатории, ее планах в организационнометодической и воспитательной работе с молодыми специалистами.Information on the research and design solutions developed by the experts of MosvodokanalNIIproject JSC in the field of surface runoff treatment from the territory of Moscow, the causes of water sources pollution with raw surface runoff in the 1970s. The basic characteristics of the complexes for the enhanced treatment of surface runoff, the developed projects of wastewater treatment facilities for industrial enterprises with a catchment area of 0.3 1 5 10 and 15 ha. It is shown that the effectiveness of surface runoff treatment meets the requirements to water bodies of commercial fishing importance. At the same time, for dewatering of sludge generated in the retention basin of wastewater treatment facilities, a grit dewatering bay is included into the process flow scheme, and an oil separator is used to collect floating oil products. The novelty of the developed technology for neutralization of surface runoff and sludge treatment has been acknowledged by five patents of the Russian Federation, approved by Gosstroy of the Russian Federation, the Central Department of Fisheries Examination and Review and Protection and Renewal and Acclimatization Standards, the Moscow City and Moscow Region Sanitary Service, Moskompriroda and Mosgosekspertiza services. The contribution of the research workers of the laboratory for the treatment of natural, industrialstorm wastewater and sludge processing to the solution of problems of surface runoff treatment is demonstrated. The information about the history of development and promising areas of research activity of the laboratory, its plans in the organizational, methodological and educational work with young professionals is given.

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