scholarly journals O uso dos dados lidar para a compreensão da dinâmica de escoamento e acúmulo de águas em Recife – PE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 3255
Author(s):  
Alessandra De Santana Lima ◽  
Camila Gardenea de Almeida Bandim ◽  
Gabriel Antonio Silva Soares ◽  
Juliana Patrícia Fernandes Guedes Barros ◽  
Josiclêda Domiciano Galvíncio
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flow Accumulation ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Urban Concentration ◽  
Natural Dynamics

Os grandes aglomerados urbanos desencadeiam profundas problemáticas de natureza hidroclimática, resultantes principalmente das formas de uso e ocupação do solo. Os padrões hídricos, tais como escoamento e acúmulo de fluxo, são afetados diretamente pelo efeito de impermeabilização do solo decorrente das construções humanas e quando esta estrutura urbana é somada aos eventos climáticos extremos, culminam na ocorrência periódica de inundações. Diante deste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender e identificar os danos hidrológicos decorrentes da concentração urbana, sobre a dinâmica natural do escoamento, a fim de investigar os fatores que provocam estas inundações nas determinadas regiões. A área de estudo do presente trabalho é representada por folhas de amostragem do sensor LiDAR das Regiões político administrativas IV e VI do município do Recife, Pernambuco. Para subsidiar a análise proposta, os modelos digitais de elevação do projeto Pernambuco 3D, provenientes do sensor LiDAR, foram processados em ambiente SIG, e a partir destes dados de alta resolução espacial foi possível analisar detalhadamente as variáveis que propiciam o escoamento superficial e acúmulo de fluxo nas áreas em estudo. Os resultados obtidos para as áreas de amostragem, foram analisados e comparados com as políticas públicas de drenagem urbana e planejamento territorial vigentes, avaliando a relação entre as redes de macro e microdrenagem, com a ocorrência de inundações no meio urbano. The use of lidar data for the understanding of water flow and accumulation dynamics in the Recife – PEA B S T R A C TLarge urban agglomerations result in huge problems of hydroclimatic nature, resulting mainly from the forms of land use and occupation. Water patterns, such as runoff and flow accumulation, are directly affected by the waterproofing effect from human constructions, and when added to the extreme weather events, they culminate in a periodic occurrence of urban floods. The study area of the present work is represented by the LiDAR sensor sampling sheets from the administrative political Regions IV and VI of the municipality of Recife, in Pernambuco. Given this context, the present study aims to understand and identify the hydrological damage caused by the urban concentration on the natural dynamics of runoff, to investigate the factors that cause these floods in that specific region. To subsidize the proposed analysis, the digital elevation models of the Pernambuco 3D project, from the LiDAR sensor, were processed in a GIS environment, and from these high spatial resolution data it was possible to analyze in detail the variables that propitiate surface runoff and flow accumulation in the areas under study. The results obtained for the sampling areas were analyzed and compared with the urban drainage and territorial planning public policies in force, evaluating the relationship between the macro and micro drainage networks, with the occurrence of floods in the urban environment. Keywords: Geoprocessing. remote sensing. urbanization. urban flood. surface runoff.

A Twenty-First-Century California Observing Network for Monitoring Extreme Weather Events

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1585-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. White ◽  
M. L. Anderson ◽  
M. D. Dettinger ◽  
F. M. Ralph ◽  
A. Hinojosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
First Century ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Variable Weather ◽  
The Impact

Abstract During Northern Hemisphere winters, the West Coast of North America is battered by extratropical storms. The impact of these storms is of paramount concern to California, where aging water supply and flood protection infrastructures are challenged by increased standards for urban flood protection, an unusually variable weather regime, and projections of climate change. Additionally, there are inherent conflicts between releasing water to provide flood protection and storing water to meet requirements for the water supply, water quality, hydropower generation, water temperature and flow for at-risk species, and recreation. To improve reservoir management and meet the increasing demands on water, improved forecasts of precipitation, especially during extreme events, are required. Here, the authors describe how California is addressing their most important and costliest environmental issue—water management—in part, by installing a state-of-the-art observing system to better track the area’s most severe wintertime storms.

Microbial intrusion and seasonal dynamics in the groundwater microbiome of a porous basaltic rock aquifer used as municipal water reservoir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Knobloch ◽  
Alexandra Maria Klonowski ◽  
Sigrún Tómasdóttir ◽  
Bjarni Reyr Kristjánsson ◽  
Sverrir Guðmundsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Basaltic Rock ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Extraction Area ◽  
Weather Events

Abstract Groundwater is a key resource for safe drinking water supply. Yet unconfined aquifers can be vulnerable to microbial contamination during extreme weather events that lead to surface runoff. The current study characterises the groundwater microbiome of a porous basaltic rock aquifer in South-West Iceland used for drinking water extraction and analyses the microbial community dynamics during surface runoff. The groundwater microbial community sampled from twelve wells across the extraction area contained over 745 prokaryotic genera and was phylogenetically similar between wells and most seasons, representing a diverse but homogenous ecosystem. The largest seasonal variation in the microbial community composition was detected during a period of concurrent snow melt and high precipitation leading to surface runoff. This period was characterised by an increased abundance of soil-associated taxa in the groundwater microbiome and specifically of taxa assigned to Aeromonas and Bacillus. A field experiment simulating high surface runoff around a groundwater well confirmed the increased abundance of surface soil microorganisms in the well water, indicating vulnerability of groundwater towards surface microbial intrusion during extreme weather events. As such events are likely to increase due to climate change, novel water management tools such as microbial community analysis could help ensure drinking water safety.

Modelling the Bioclimatic Niche of a Cohort of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated with the Infestation of Stored Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-416
Author(s):  
V. M. Tytar ◽  
Ya. R. Oksentyuk
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Species Distribution Modeling ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Contemporary Climate ◽  
Future Management

Abstract In this study an attempt is made to highlight important variables shaping the current bioclimatic niche of a number of mite species associated with the infestation of stored products by employing a species distribution modeling (SDM) approach. Using the ENVIREM dataset of bioclimatic variables, performance of the most robust models was mostly influenced by: 1) indices based on potential evapotranspiration, which characterize ambient energy and are mostly correlated with temperature variables, moisture regimes, and 2) strong fluctuations in temperature reflecting the severity of climate and/or extreme weather events. Although the considered mite species occupy man-made ecosystems, they remain more or less affected by the surrounding bioclimatic environment and therefore could be subjected to contemporary climate change. In this respect investigations are needed to see how this will affect future management targets concerning the safety of food storages.

Urban Flood Mapping

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Riyanto ◽  
Lestari Margatama
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Satisfying Condition ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Recent Occurrence ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Digital Elevation Model Data ◽  
Potential Area

The recent degradation of environment quality becomes the prime cause of the recent occurrence of natural disasters. It also contributes in the increase of the area that is prone to natural disasters. Flood history data in Jakarta shows that flood occurred mainly during rainy season around January – February each year, but the flood area varies each year. This research is intended to map the flood potential area in DKI Jakarta by segmenting the Digital Elevation Model data. The data used in this research is contour data obtained from DPP–DKI with the resolution of 1 m. The data processing involved in this research is extracting the surface elevation data from the DEM, overlaying the river map of Jakarta with the elevation data. Subsequently, the data is then segmented using watershed segmentation method. The concept of watersheds is based on visualizing an image in three dimensions: two spatial coordinates versus gray levels, in which there are two specific points; that are points belonging to a regional minimum and points at which a drop of water, if placed at the location of any of those points, would fall with certainty to a single minimum. For a particular regional minimum, the set of points satisfying the latter condition is called the catchments basin or watershed of that minimum, while the points satisfying condition form more than one minima are termed divide lines or watershed lines. The objective of this segmentation is to find the watershed lines of the DEM image. The expected result of the research is the flood potential area information, especially along the Ciliwung river in DKI Jakarta.

Urban Population Knowledge of Climate Change in Costa Rica and Nicaragua

2013 ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Molina Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
International Policies ◽  
General Concern

Most scenarios indicate that people in developing countries are more vulnerable and less capable of adapting to climate change. Since our public understanding of risk toward climate change in developing countries is limited, this article presents results from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, two countries which are socio-economically distinct, but which are expected to suffer similar extreme weather events. From October of 2008 until May 2010, a total of 1,047 respondents were surveyed in cities of both countries. The main results indicate that climate change is a widely known concept but other notions such as “carbon footprint” are foreign to most respondents. Despite the general concern with its negative consequences, respondents’ foremost concern is linked to their socioeconomic situation, and how it will be impacted by climate change in such aspects as poverty and social security. The results presented here contribute to advance national and international policies aiming to support mitigation or adaptation strategies in developing countries.

Reliability, Resilience and the Oncoming Wave of Retiring Baseload Units, Volume I: The Critical Role of Thermal Units During Extreme Weather Events

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Balash, PhD ◽  
Kenneth C. Kern ◽  
John Brewer ◽  
Justin Adder ◽  
Christopher Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events

Governing climate change for sustainable food production: A case study of emerging markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Robert Ddamulira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Document Review

This article addresses three research questions: How does climate change impact food production? What are the governance challenges associated with managing such impacts? What are the conditions for future success in managing the impacts of climate change on food production? To answer these questions, the researcher undertook a document review and analysis to address these various aspects with a major focus on East Africa. The study finds that climate change affects food production largely through its physical impacts on precipitation and increased the frequency of extreme weather events. Within a context of weak governance; climate change further challenges governance institutional structures and mechanisms. The study concludes that specific aspects of the prevailing climate change governance regime require major reforms (particularly the role of the state, corporations and civil society) while other climate governance mechanisms need to be completely overhauled (for example through establishment of a new World Environment Organization).

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