Applied anthropologists are now commonly involved at all levels in rural and agricultural development work in Third World countries. Corresponding efforts in the United States, however, are much less common. This can be attributed in part to increased scrutiny and skepticism concerning past research efforts, which are frequently seen as unilaterally beneficial to researchers and of little tangible long-term gain to local people. No where is this more true than among Native American populations. Leigh Jenkins, Director of the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office (HCPO), puts it quite succinctly: "Intruders are not welcome, especially if they come dressed as anthropologists… As any visitor will attest, it has become quite a challenge to prove one's sincerity, honesty, and fairness to the Hopis, especially if that visitor plans to do research" ("Forward" in Peter Whitely, Bacavi: A Journey to Reed Springs [Flagstaff, AZ: Northland Press, 1988]).