KALMYK FOLK TALE IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRANSLATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATED TEXTS OF FAIRY TALE "AYU CHIKTE AND AVKHA TSETSEN")

Исследование посвящено сравнительному анализу оригинального и переводных текстов калмыцкой народной сказки «Аю Чикт Авха Цецен хойр» («Аю Чикте и Авха Цецен») из репертуара сказителя М. Буринова. В процессе сличения исходного текста сказки на калмыцком языке (1960) и русскоязычного перевода М. Г. Ватагина (1964) отмечается характер разночтений и неточностей, обнаруженных в иноязычном нарративе в передаче смысла отдельных эпизодов сюжета, формульных выражений, словосочетаний, играющих важную роль в сказочном повествовании. Изучение фольклорного текста в его разноязычных воплощениях представляется актуальным в свете проблем, возникающих при взаимодействии текстов дистантных культур. Для передачи национальной специфики сказочной традиции требуется максимальная точность при переводе, имеющим важное значение для понимания исконного смысла оригинального текста. The study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the original and translated texts of the Kalmyk folk tale "Ayu Chikt Avkha Tsetsn khoir" ("Ayu Chikte and Avkha Tsetsen") from the repertoire of the narrator M. Burinov. In the process of comparing the original text of the fairy tale in the Kalmyk language (1960) and the Russian translation by M. G. Vatagina (1964) notes the nature of the discrepancies and inaccuracies found in the foreign language narrative in the transfer of the meaning of individual episodes of the plot, formula expressions, word combinations), which play an important role in the fairy tale narration. The study of a folklore text in its multilingual embodiments is relevant in the light of the problems that arise within the interaction of texts of distant cultures. To convey the national specifics of the fairy - tale tradition, maximum accuracy is required when translating episodes, formulas and some words that are important for understanding the original meaning of an original text.

Review on: Mahmud Shaltut Islam: Doctrine and Law (Russian translation), Moscow: Medina, 2020.

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KALMYK FOLK TALE IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRANSLATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATED TEXTS OF FAIRY TALE "AYU CHIKTE AND AVKHA TSETSEN")

Исследование посвящено сравнительному анализу оригинального и переводных текстов калмыцкой народной сказки «Аю Чикт Авха Цецен хойр» («Аю Чикте и Авха Цецен») из репертуара сказителя М. Буринова. В процессе сличения исходного текста сказки на калмыцком языке (1960) и русскоязычного перевода М. Г. Ватагина (1964) отмечается характер разночтений и неточностей, обнаруженных в иноязычном нарративе в передаче смысла отдельных эпизодов сюжета, формульных выражений, словосочетаний, играющих важную роль в сказочном повествовании. Изучение фольклорного текста в его разноязычных воплощениях представляется актуальным в свете проблем, возникающих при взаимодействии текстов дистантных культур. Для передачи национальной специфики сказочной традиции требуется максимальная точность при переводе, имеющим важное значение для понимания исконного смысла оригинального текста. The study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the original and translated texts of the Kalmyk folk tale "Ayu Chikt Avkha Tsetsn khoir" ("Ayu Chikte and Avkha Tsetsen") from the repertoire of the narrator M. Burinov. In the process of comparing the original text of the fairy tale in the Kalmyk language (1960) and the Russian translation by M. G. Vatagina (1964) notes the nature of the discrepancies and inaccuracies found in the foreign language narrative in the transfer of the meaning of individual episodes of the plot, formula expressions, word combinations), which play an important role in the fairy tale narration. The study of a folklore text in its multilingual embodiments is relevant in the light of the problems that arise within the interaction of texts of distant cultures. To convey the national specifics of the fairy - tale tradition, maximum accuracy is required when translating episodes, formulas and some words that are important for understanding the original meaning of an original text.

On introducing free indirect speech in Russian translation despite the absence of corresponding structures in the English original

The article analyzes the most typical cases of introducing free indirect speech in the Russian translation where there are no corresponding structures in the English original. Typical non-free-indirectspeech structures and contexts in the source text are explored, such as may materialize as free indirect speech in the target text. The study employs qualitative methods including lexical-semantic, contextual and comparative analysis of the source text and the target text. As for the structure, this paper has been divided into two parts. First, a theoretical background for the problem is established, involving the theories by Ia. I. Retsker and D. V. Psurtsev. The paper then goes on to examine translators’ choices to generate new interference of the narrator’s text and the character’s text. The cases when free indirect speech may arise in the Russian translation are typically based on kindred forms of the character’s speech representation in the English original, long descriptions of a situation where the character acts, complex sentences with content clauses, containing the character’s thoughts and emotions. The analysis suggests that the decision to introduce free indirect speech patterns into translation can be based on the typological differences between the languages in question, or on logical and stylistic “inclinations” of a given fragment. Therefore, the decisions to introduce free indirect speech fall into two groups, obligatory and possible respectively. If such choices by Russian translators constitute a tendency, a certain correlation of syntactic patterns and contexts may be established. The results obtained in the study may be used by translators of literary texts.

Petrus Thomae — an Early Follower of Duns Scotus, Minorite from Barcelona and Author of Metaphysical Treatises

The article serves as a historical-philosophical introduction to the Russian translation of the Latin text of the 11th question of the metaphysical treatise of Peter Thomae, OFM “De modis distinctionum” (written around 1325). We present therein the biography of this Franciscan theologian and philosopher from Barcelona, list and briefly characterize all his works that have come down to us (together with their respective editions). The article also shows why the metaphysical legacy of this early follower of John Duns Scotus is of particular importance. Then we outline and characterize the general structure of the whole treatise and of the quaestio to which the text we publish belongs. In conclusion, we describe the type of the Latin original that served as the basis for our translation, namely the collated text of three manuscripts from the 14th century and of one from the 15th century.

Between tradition and modernity: Lauddin and his “Story of the Young Captain” (commented translation and research article)

The publication (a research article and Russian translation) deals with the earliest specimen of Malay documentary prose, the memoirs of a non-professional author Lauddin, who came from a prosperous merchant family. The book describes actual historical events, which took place in the mid 18th century: the dramatic rivalry between the Dutch and the British in the Java and Sumatra regions. This rivalry was crucial for Lauddin’s fate as that of his father and brothers. In terms of its content, Lauddin's work can certainly be considered innovative. At the same time, a truthful story about events in which he himself was a witness or participant is built according to the laws of the Malay epic narrative. The book traces parallels with such classics as the “Chronicle of the Kings of Pasai”, “Malay Annals”, and “The Tale of Hang Tuah”. Thus, Lauddin shows that he sticks to the canon and, willingly or unwillingly, includes his memoirs in the traditional literary context.

Some aspects of the authorship of the treatise “Xiao Jing”

The article deals with the authorship of the Confucian treatise Xiao Jing (“The Classic of Filial Piety”). Xiao Jing is one of the classical treatises that constitutes a part of the Confucian corpus Shisan Jing (“The Thirteen Classics”). This confirms the importance and high significance of this text for the traditional philosophical thought of China. The earliest mention of the title “Xiao Jing” was recorded in the work from the 3rd century BC, Lu shi chun qiu (“Spring and Autumn of Mr Liu”), which indicates the terminus ante quem non for the treatise Xiao Jing. According to some Russian scholars, the treatise Xiao Jing was compiled in the IV-II centuries BC. The Chinese scholarship acknowledges eight main versions of authorship, and therefore dating of Xiao Jing. The author stresses the importance to establish the authorship of the Xiao Jing treatise since this can be a piece of additional information for a comprehensive understanding of the philosophical heritage of the Confucian tradition of this text. After presenting an outline of the main versions of authorship of the Xiao Jing treatise, the author states that this issue can hardly be solved unambiguously. Therefore, this article can be considered as a preliminary essay for further research. The appendix offers a complete Russian translation of the Xiao Jing made by the author of the present article.

International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants: on the history of the Russian translation

An urgent need to use a unified nomenclature for cultivated plants was indicated at the beginning of the 20th century by R.E. Regel, A.I. Malzev, K.A. Flyaksberger. Half a century later, an appendix to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Stockholm, 1952) published the first formulated rules for naming cultivated plants, which provided a basis for the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants issued as a separate edition in 1953. The primary goal of the Code was to eliminate confusion, promote order and uniformity in the naming of new varieties and the use of accepted variety names, i.e. to establish unified nomenclature rules. The main categories of the nomenclature for cultivated plants (cultivar, group, grex) do not represent a hierarchical system. So far, nine editions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants had been published, of which four were translated into Russian (1953, 1958, 1961 and 1969). The prepared translation of the ninth edition is going to be published in the Vavilovia journal.

Ghost Writers: Radcliffiana and the Russian Gothic Wave

Ann Radcliffe’s novels were extremely popular in early nineteenth-century Russia. Publication of her work in Russian translation propelled the so-called gothic wave of 1800-10. Yet, many of the works Radcliffe was known for in Russia were not written by her; rather, they were works by others that were attributed to Radcliffe. This article traces the publication and translation histories of Radcliffiana on the Russian book market of 1800-20. Building on JoEllen DeLucia’s concept of a “corporate Radcliffe” in the anglophone world, this article proposes a Russian corporate Radcliffe. Identifying, classifying, and analysing the provenance of Russian corporate Radcliffe works reveals insight into the transnational circulation of texts and the role of copyright law within it, the nature of the early nineteenth-century Russian book market, the rise of popular reading and advertising in Russia, and the gendered nature of critical discourse at this time. The Russian corporate Radcliffe assures the legacy and influence of Radcliffe in later Russian literature and culture, although a Radcliffe that represents much more than just the English author. Exploring the Russian corporate Radcliffe expands our understanding of early nineteenth-century Russian literary history through specific case studies that demonstrate the significant role played by both women writers and translation, an aspect of this history that is often overlooked.

A Propos the Failed First Publication of the Russian Translation of Shu Jing

The Book of Historical Documents (Shu jing) is an ancient Chinese written monument, a collection of addresses of the ruler to the subjects and of the subjects to the rulers. The philosophical meaning of Shu jing is that it mentions or refers to the issues of a broad ideological order. These brief references either gave life to philosophical ideas, or later, after appropriate interpretation, were used by the philosophers to authoritatively confirm their thoughts. The first complete Russian translation of Shu jing was done by Archimandrite Daniil (Dmitriy Petrovich Sivillov, 1789-1871) in the early 40s of the 19th century. The translation was undertaken, first and primarily, as a teaching material assigned to students of the Chinese Language Cathedra at the Kazan Imperial University. This cathedra was first one established in Russia and the second one in Europe. Archimandrite Daniel was its first head in 1837-1844. Unfortunately, the translator have never had a chance to publish his work. Sivillov for the first time in Russian and European Sinology used a purely Chinese commented edition of The Book . The canonical text used by Sivillov and later his followers was considered and understood through the prism of modern Neoconfucianism, which, in comparison with ancient and early medieval Confucianism, reinterpreted and significantly enriched the philosophical meaning of the Shu jing . In some points of understanding of the Neoconfucian interpretation of the ancient text, Archimandrite Daniil was not only ahead of, but also more successful than his later colleagues. The text of the previously unpublished Shu jing Chapter III Da Yu mo Russian translation by archimandrite Daniil is attached.