No Strings Attached: Philanthropy, Race, and Donor Control From Black Power to Black Lives Matter

This article examines a moment of crisis and experimentation in philanthropy from the late 1960s to analyze how race shapes philanthropy. Specifically, it considers two giving circles in Boston launched as a linked funding initiative to address economic and racial inequality: (a) a group of wealthy, White suburbanites who started the Fund for Urban Negro Development to direct donations with “no strings attached” to the other, (b) the Boston Black United Front Foundation, an entity started by Black power activists in the city. Using archival records of the two groups, I analyze their efforts to decouple hierarchies of race and giving in funder–grantee relationships, and connect scholarship on African American history and philanthropy to that on donor control. I frame the notion of “no strings attached” giving as relative and shaped by positioning and identity in ways that produce multiple understandings of the material and abstract “strings” of philanthropy.

"Patriots Governing Hong Kong" and the Innovation of Practice Path to Cultivate the Chinese National Community Consciousness

The basic meaning of "patriots ruling Hong Kong" is that Hong Kong people who love China and love Hong Kong govern Hong Kong society to ensure the smooth implementation of the "One Country, Two Systems" system and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Hong Kong and maintain the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong society. There is a logical connection between "patriots governing Hong Kong" and Hong Kong's united front work, which has firmly established the consciousness of the Chinese nation's community. "patriots governing Hong Kong" strengthens the awareness of patriotism and love of Hong Kong and helps to forge the consciousness of the Chinese nation's community. The main path for the innovation and development of the Chinese nation’s community consciousness is to promote the generation and development of the national outlook + national outlook + historical outlook + cultural outlook in Hong Kong and Macau, and to promote the industrial chain + supply chain + innovation chain + value in the construction of the Greater Bay Area The “multi-chain integration” of chain + united front chain promotes the exchanges and integration of ethnic groups and ethnic groups in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the people's livelihood-oriented + science and education-oriented + demonstration leadership.

Stumbling into a Larger World

Yuan-tsung reunited with Phyllis Wu at her salon in Chongqing and started to learn social skills by helping her entertain guests. In this way, Yuan-tsung came into close social contact with some of the country’s leading politicians and intellectuals, getting to know them not so much in their official capacities as in more informal settings, when they relaxed over tea or wine. Among them was Zhou Enlai, then the Communist representative to China’s “United Front,” the tense, shaky arrangement whereby the Communists and the Nationalists supposedly worked together to defeat the Japanese invaders. At parties and dinners she heard them talk about the role of the Third Force, and “Vinegar Joe” Stilwell, and watched as Zhou Enlai cultivated these US-educated intellectuals so as to gain access to influential Americans.

Institutional Changes, Influences and Historical Junctures in the Communist Youth League of China

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) regards the Communist Youth League (CYL) as a critical and distinctive mass organization that acts as an “assistant” and “reserve army” for the Party. This article uses the analytical concepts of historical institutionalism and critical junctures to discuss the changes in the CYL during the post-Mao period. We focus on two critical junctures: 1982, when the CYL became a route to rapid promotion for cadres, and 2016, after which its cadres had fewer opportunities for promotion and the CYL was pushed back to its original role in youth United Front work. We also find that the CYL has refined its United Front methods to attract talented young people by offering them services. This reflects the efforts of the CCP regime to adapt to circumstances and ensure its survival.

Envisioning the People's Republic: China and US Marxist Anti-imperialism in the Mid-1970s

This essay studies United States Marxist perspectives on China during US radicalism's decline in the mid-1970s. By the late 1960s, China's apparent synthesis of socialist and nationalist traditions inspired US Marxists to theorize a Chinese-led united front against American imperialism. However, China's opening up to the West in 1972 revealed US Marxists’ differing frameworks for understanding socialism and national liberation. Partly because of the confusion that followed, Marxist internationalism soon lost its intellectual weight on the US far left. Using archived Marxist periodicals from 1973 to 1979, I trace how this happened and what it meant for revolutionaries’ opposition to American empire.