Interactions Between Corals and Their Symbiotic Algae

2015 ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisèle Muller-Parker ◽  
Christopher F. D’Elia ◽  
Clayton B. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Symbiotic Algae

Stress tolerance alteration in the freshwater cnidarian green hydra (Hydra viridissima) via symbiotic algae mutagenesis

Symbiosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Siao Ye ◽  
Meenakshi Bhattacharjee ◽  
Evan Siemann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Symbiotic Algae ◽  
Green Hydra

Photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene on primary processes of photosynthesis in lichens

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie KUMMEROVÁ ◽  
štěpán ZEZULKA ◽  
Jana KRULOVÁ ◽  
Jan TŘÍSKA
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Photochemical Processes ◽  
Symbiotic Algae ◽  
Lasallia Pustulata ◽  
Photoinduced Toxicity ◽  
Umbilicaria Hirsuta

The effect of increasing concentrations (0·01, 0·1, 1 and 5 mg l−1) of intact (FLT) and photo-modified (phFLT) fluoranthene and the duration of exposure (1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days) on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F0, FV/FM, and ΦII) of symbiotic algae in the thalli of two foliose lichens Lasallia pustulata and Umbilicaria hirsuta was investigated. In addition the FLT concentration in thalli of both lichen species was determined and a bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated. The results obtained demonstrated that the concentrations of FLT and especially phFLT (1 and 5 mg l−1) applied affected primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis in the algae of both lichen species. The F0 value increased and the FV/FM and ΦII values decreased. The fluoranthene content in the thallus of both lichen species increased with increasing FLT concentration in the environment.

Glycerol Excretion by Symbiotic Algae from Corals and Tridacna and Its Control by the Host

Science ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 156 (3774) ◽  
pp. 516-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Muscatine
Keyword(s):  
Symbiotic Algae

scholarly journals II. Further observations on enterochlorophyll and allied pigments

1885 ◽  
Vol 38 (235-238) ◽  
pp. 319-322
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Symbiotic Algae

In a paper read before the Royal Society in 1883, I described the results of an examination of the so-called “bile” of invertebrates, and showed that the alcohol extracts of their liver or other appendage of the intestine answering to that organ, showed a spectrum so like that of vegetable chlorophyll, as to have led me to assume that no essential difference exists between the spectrum of enterochlorophyll and plant chlorophyll. At that time I could not decide the points which are now considered: (1) Is enterochlorophyll due to the presence of symbiotic algæ ? (2) If not, is it an immediate food product, and merely an instance of the intra-cellular digestion of food chlorophyll ? (3) If it is not due to either of these sources, can it be proved that it is built up by the animal containing it ? (4) In what points does it differ from plant chlorophyll and that of Spongilla ?

No mutual symbiosis following infection of algae-free Paramecium bursaria with symbiotic algae from Mayorella viridis

Symbiosis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Shion Kawai ◽  
Sotaro Araki ◽  
Yuuki Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Paramecium Bursaria ◽  
Symbiotic Algae

Nitrogen recycling or nitrogen conservation in an alga-invertebrate symbiosis?

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (16) ◽  
pp. 2445-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wang ◽  
AE Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Recycling ◽  
Symbiotic Algae ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Ammonium Production ◽  
Nitrogen Conservation

When corals and allied animals are deprived of their symbiotic algae, the ammonium content in their tissues rises. This is commonly interpreted as evidence for nitrogen recycling (i.e. algal assimilation of animal waste ammonium into amino acids that are released back to the animal), but it can also be explained as nitrogen conservation by the animal (i.e. reduced net ammonium production in response to the receipt of algal photosynthetic carbon). This study discriminated between these interpretations in two ways. First, the increased ammonium concentration in the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella, caused by darkness or depletion of the alga Symbiodinium, was partially or completely reversed by supplementing the medium with organic carbon compounds (e.g. <IMG src="/images/symbols/&agr ;.gif" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="12" ALIGN= "BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3">-ketoglutarate). Second, the activity of the ammonium-assimilating enzyme glutamine synthetase and the concentration of protein amino acids in the free amino acid pool of the animal, which were depressed by darkness and algal depletion, were restored by exogenous carbon compounds. It is concluded that organic carbon, whether derived from algal photosynthate or exogenously, promotes the animal's capacity for ammonium assimilation and reduces ammonium production from amino acid degradation. These processes contribute to nitrogen conservation in the animal, but they confound the interpretation of various studies on nitrogen recycling by symbiotic algae.

Ammonium metabolism in the zooxanthellate coral, stylophora pistillata

1989 ◽  
Vol 236 (1284) ◽  
pp. 325-337 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Ammonium Excretion ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Symbiotic Algae ◽  
Zooxanthellate Coral ◽  
Excretion Rates

The cycling of ammonium between the cnidarian animal host and intracellular symbiotic algae was investigated in the zooxanthellate coral Stylophora pistillata , obtained from the Gulf of Eilat. Excretion of ammonium into the surrounding water by freshly collected corals was not detectable because of efficient recycling of inorganic nitrogen between the symbionts. Excretion into surrounding water was induced by incubation in the dark, by treatment with the photosynthetic electron transport inhibitor DCMU, and by treatment with azaserine, an inhibitor of glutamine 2-oxoglutarate amido transferase (GOGAT). Methionine sulphoxamine, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), killed the animals. The three non-lethal treatments gave similar excretion rates of 0.0112 ± 0.0011 μmol NH + 4 cm -2 h -1 . Whole coral respiration, and animal glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, which reversibly catalyses the reductive deamination of glutamate, were also measured. The ratios of GDH activity: excretion and respiration: excretion were remarkably constant, averaging 6.2 ± 1.2 mol NH + 4 mol -1 NH + 4 and 57 ± 7 mol O 2 mol -1 NH + 4 respectively. Our results suggest that GDH activity and dark respiration rates may be used to estimate quantitatively the rate of ammonium excretion in S. pistillata . From knowledge of the nitrogen content per unit area of zooxanthellae and animal tissue, the mitotic index of the algae, and the calculated excretion rate of the animal, we constructed a nitrogen budget for the coral. Our calculations suggest that recycled nitrogen accounts for 90% of the zooxanthellae nitrogen demand, and that nitrogen turns over at a rate of 0.13 per day in the algae and 0.013 per day within the animal tissue.

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