1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin N. Colby

The Ixil differ from other Mesoamerican societies in their extensive ancestor worship and their absence of a belief in animal companion spirits. The historical and archaeological evidence shows Ixil continuity with the lowland Classic Maya with comparatively little change during the Postclassic. The conclusion is tentatively drawn that the lowland Classic Maya were ancestor worshipers, and that the predominant characteristic of those Postclassic changes outside IxU country which led to the demise of Classic ceremonial centers in some areas and the later fragmentation of political units in others, derived from a basic religious change which was reflected in a change in the use of the 260-day ritual calendar. The new religion opposed ancestor worship and introduced a depersonalized soul belief system.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hendricks ◽  
Gertrud Schmitz

Purpose As other actors in the service ecosystem often have a pivotal role in value creation for actors experiencing vulnerability, this paper aims to explore caregiving customer value co-creation in services for animal companions. Design/methodology/approach Study 1 follows a two-step procedure, using two different qualitative approaches (interviews and observations) to identify caregiving customer value co-creation activities. Study 2 serves to empirically test a higher-order structure of caregiving customer participation behaviour in value co-creation and test for differences regarding customer and service characteristics (questionnaire survey; n = 680). Findings The results reveal the existence of various value co-creation activities towards the service provider (e.g. cooperation under consideration of the animal companion’s needs) and animal companion (e.g. emotional support). Significant differences in individual caregiving customers’ activities were found regarding gender, age, type of service and animal companion. Caregiving customer value co-creation is influenced by emotional attachment and has a positive effect on value outcomes for both the caregiving customer and the animal companion. Originality/value This study extends and enriches customer value co-creation literature by providing innovative findings on various such caregiving activities and value outcomes in services for (non-human) actors experiencing vulnerability. It also adds knowledge by showing differences in customer value co-creation behaviour regarding specific customer and service characteristics.


2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia F. Kennedy ◽  
Mary G. McGarvey

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. e452
Author(s):  
S. Inoue ◽  
M. Shigematsu ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
S. Muranaka ◽  
H. Masukawa ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
pp. 003022281988222
Author(s):  
Fenella Eason

Embodying companion animals as part of ourselves obliges a similar grief, when they die, to the anguish that follows the death of a human partner, relative, or close friend. Individual mourning may fail to assuage pain that is further intensified when the bereaved human lacks society’s recognition not only of their grief but also of the intrinsic worth of their deceased animal companion. Such disenfranchised grief may lead to isolation and to withdrawal from social integration. However, diverse memorials recorded online, and reasons for their inclusion in cyberspace, are enabling validation of the lives of nonhuman animal companions by both isolated and more sociable pet-bereaved mourners.


Author(s):  
Gabriel Luis Bourdin

El presente trabajo está dedicado a las representaciones culturales de la persona entre los mayas yucatecos. Se enfoca la noción de persona partiendo de las categorías conceptuales contenidas en el vocabulario. Se intenta dar una visión semántica de la categoría de persona, atendiendo al significado de las palabras empleadas para identificar los diversos componentes del ser humano individual. Se identifican algunos de los conceptos fundamentales referidos a los diversos componentes que integran el ser humano en la concepción de esta cultura. Entre los mayas peninsulares modernos, el individuo humano se concibe como una unidad de wiinkilil“cuerpo”, pixan “alma” y ool “ánimo”; esta concepción difiere en alguna medida de la que se infiere a partir de los testimonios en maya colonial, y también de las de otros pueblos hablantes de lenguas mayances, entre otras cosas por la ausencia entre los mayas peninsulares de la idea de un “doble animal” asociado de modo íntimo con la vida del individuo.   ABSTRACT The present paper studies cultural representations of person among Yucatec Mayas. The study is focussed on the notion of person starting from the conceptual characteristics contained in the vocabulary. The paper attempts to give a semantic point of view of the category of person, considering the meaning of the words used to identify the different components of the human being taken as an individual. Some of the essential concepts that refer to the diverse components of the individual human being are identified here. Among the modern Peninsular Mayas, the human being is conceived as a unit of wíinkilil –body–, pixán –soul–, and óol –spirit. This conception somewhat differs from the idea that has been transmitted by Colonial Maya testimonies and by other people speaking Mayan languages. Among other things, this happens because of the absence, among Peninsular Mayas, of an “animal companion”, idea which is closely related to the individual’s life.


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