Deutsches auch und italienisches anche im Vergleich

The focus of our contribution is the German particle auch ‘also’ and its Italian counterpart anche. From a semantic point of view, auch and anche convey the same additive meaning in both languages: through them an element, called ‘domain of association’, is added to a list of further elements for which the auch/anche phrase applies. From a syntactical point of view, auch and anche can occupy different positions in the sentence by modifying the type and the scope of the domain of association. This results in four basic usage patterns which are similar in both languages and correspond to just as many functions of auch/anche: (i) additivity, (ii) sentence connection, (iii) focus domain, and (iv) modality. Despite these common functions, auch and anche interact with the syntax and the information structure of the sentence in German and in Italian differently. Furthermore, they are used in conversation contexts, which are distinctive in both languages. By starting from the current description of auch and anche in the literature, the first aim of our contribution is to provide evidence for the above-mentioned four basic functions despite their language-specific usage contexts. As a second aim, we want to validate our systematization through the analysis of spoken data for German and Italian, explaining why some functions are more likely to be found in the former than in the latter.

Comparative Analysis of Equivalence of Somatic Phraseological Units in German and Uzbek Languages

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of somatic phraseological units in German and Uzbek. Somatic phraseological units are part of a common group of phrases in German and Uzbek. Many languages have equivalents of somatic phraseological units, however, each part of the body is associated with certain characteristics: head with mind, heart with feelings, mouth and tongue with speech, hands with practical activity. The work contains about 1500 somatic phrases based on explanatory phraseological dictionaries and multilingual phraseographic sources of German and Uzbek languages, which are studied in terms of lexic, syntax and semantics. The work explores somatic expressions in both languages from a lexical, syntactic and semantic point of view. In the somatic phraseological units, the human body participates as a nuclear word, and they have cultural signs of a certain mentality. From the point of view of structural-semantic and structural-syntactic interactions, somatisms in German and Uzbek were studied in such categories as absolute equivalence, partial equivalence, zero equivalence. In this work, phraseological units corresponding to all lexical, morphological and syntactic criteria of equivalence are interpreted as absolute, having almost the same meaning in both languages, as well as small morphological-syntactic and lexical-semantic differences - as partially equivalent, without alternative equivalents or lexical options in comparable languages according to internal and external linguistic factors, as zero equivalents. The results of the study are presented in tables as statistical data.

PERBANDINGAN PRONOMINA PERSONA BAHASA INDONESIA DENGAN BAHASA MALAYSIA: TINJAUAN SEMANTIS

Indonesian and Malaysian are languages that are often debated because they have similarities and similarities. This happens because Indonesian and Malaysian are rooted in Malay. Problems related to Indonesian and Malaysians are interesting to study. The topic discussed in this study is the use of Indonesian and Malaysian personal pronouns. The main objective of this study is to compare the use of Indonesian and Malaysian personal pronouns from a semantic point of view. That is, the authors compare them in terms of lexical meaning. This is because the root of a vocabulary is the meaning of the dictionary. In this study, the type of qualitative method with a descriptive approach was chosen as the data analysis method.. The data collected is in the form of first, second, and third personal pronoun vocabulary. The data sources for this study are Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia and Kamus Dewan Bahasa Malaysia. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the use of Indonesian and Malaysian pronouns had differences and similarities. The difference can be seen from the number of meanings. In Indonesian, there are as many as 15 meanings, while in Malaysia there are as many as 20 meanings. The similarities can be seen in each personal pronoun.

Fake news et autres lexies avec l’élément fake en français, polonais et tchèque

In this article, we intend to follow the spread and circulation of the fake news loan in French, Polish and Czech. We will analyze in particular the way in which this lexical unit is assimilated by these three languages, from a phonetic, graphic, morphological and semantic point of view and we will be interested in examining the possible equivalents proposed, either spontaneously by the speakers, or by official French sources.

Grounding semantic transparency in context

We present the results of a large-scale corpus-based comparison of two German event nominalization patterns: deverbal nouns in -ung (e.g., die Evaluierung, ‘the evaluation’) and nominal infinitives (e.g., das Evaluieren, ‘the evaluating’). Among the many available event nominalization patterns for German, we selected these two because they are both highly productive and challenging from the semantic point of view. Both patterns are known to keep a tight relation with the event denoted by the base verb, but with different nuances. Our study targets a better understanding of the differences in their semantic import.The key notion of our comparison is that of semantic transparency, and we propose a usage-based characterization of the relationship between derived nominals and their bases. Using methods from distributional semantics, we bring to bear two concrete measures of transparency which highlight different nuances: the first one, cosine, detects nominalizations which are semantically similar to their bases; the second one, distributional inclusion, detects nominalizations which are used in a subset of the contexts of the base verb. We find that only the inclusion measure helps in characterizing the difference between the two types of nominalizations, in relation with the traditionally considered variable of relative frequency (Hay, 2001). Finally, the distributional analysis allows us to frame our comparison in the broader coordinates of the inflection vs. derivation cline.

Context-based understanding of food-related queries using a culinary knowledge model

Dietary practices are governed by a mix of ethnographic aspects, such as social, cultural and environmental factors. These aspects need to be taken into consideration during an analysis of food-related queries. Queries are usually ambiguous. It is essential to understand, analyse and refine the queries for better search and retrieval. The work is focused on identifying the explicit, implicit and hidden facets of a query, taking into consideration the context – culinary domain. This article proposes a technique for query understanding, analysis and refinement based on a domain specific knowledge model. Queries are conceptualised by mapping the query term to concepts defined in the model. This allows an understanding of the semantic point of view of a query and an ability to determine the meaning of its terms and their interrelatedness. The knowledge model acts as a backbone providing the context for query understanding, analysis and refinement and outperforms other models, such as Schema.org , BBC Food Ontology and Recipe Ontology.

Semantic Point Cloud Segmentation Using Fast Deep Neural Network and DCRF

Accurate segmentation of entity categories is the critical step for 3D scene understanding. This paper presents a fast deep neural network model with Dense Conditional Random Field (DCRF) as a post-processing method, which can perform accurate semantic segmentation for 3D point cloud scene. On this basis, a compact but flexible framework is introduced for performing segmentation to the semantics of point clouds concurrently, contribute to more precise segmentation. Moreover, based on semantics labels, a novel DCRF model is elaborated to refine the result of segmentation. Besides, without any sacrifice to accuracy, we apply optimization to the original data of the point cloud, allowing the network to handle fewer data. In the experiment, our proposed method is conducted comprehensively through four evaluation indicators, proving the superiority of our method.

Real-Time HD Map Change Detection for Crowdsourcing Update Based on Mid-to-High-End Sensors

Continuous maintenance and real-time update of high-definition (HD) maps is a big challenge. With the development of autonomous driving, more and more vehicles are equipped with a variety of advanced sensors and a powerful computing platform. Based on mid-to-high-end sensors including an industry camera, a high-end Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and an onboard computing platform, a real-time HD map change detection method for crowdsourcing update is proposed in this paper. First, a mature commercial integrated navigation product is directly used to achieve a self-positioning accuracy of 20 cm on average. Second, an improved network based on BiSeNet is utilized for real-time semantic segmentation. It achieves the result of 83.9% IOU (Intersection over Union) on Nvidia Pegasus at 31 FPS. Third, a visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) associated with pixel type information is performed to obtain the semantic point cloud data of features such as lane dividers, road markings, and other static objects. Finally, the semantic point cloud data is vectorized after denoising and clustering, and the results are matched with a pre-constructed HD map to confirm map elements that have not changed and generate new elements when appearing. The experiment conducted in Beijing shows that the method proposed is effective for crowdsourcing update of HD maps.