Of Healthy Balance Sheets and Unhealthy Communities: Practitioner Perspectives on CSR Initiatives of Public Sector Enterprises in India

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Rohan Sarma ◽  
Ananya Samajdar
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Balance Sheets

The relationship between risk, capital and efficiency in Indian banking: Does ownership matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-231
Author(s):  
Sanjukta Sarkar ◽  
Rudra Sensarma ◽  
Dipasha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Indian Banks

Purpose This paper aims to examine the interplay between risk, capital and efficiency of Indian banks and study how their relationship differs across different ownership types. Design/methodology/approach Panel regression techniques are used to analyze a large data set of all Indian scheduled commercial banks operating during the period 2008-2016. Findings The results show that lower efficiency is associated with higher credit risk in the case of public sector and old private sector banks (”bad management hypothesis”). However, higher efficiency leads to higher credit risk in the case of foreign banks (“cost skimping hypothesis”). The authors further find that the more efficient institutions among public sector hold more capital. Finally, they find that the better-capitalized banks among those in the public sector have lower risks on their balance sheets (“moral hazard hypothesis”). Originality/value There is a paucity of papers on the interplay between risk, capital and efficiency of banks in emerging economies. This paper is the first to study the inter-relationship between risk, capital and efficiency of Indian banks across ownership groups using a number of different measures of risk.

scholarly journals The Cost of Future Policy: Intertemporal Public Sector Balance Sheets in the G7

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (128) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alexander Tieman ◽  
Jason Harris ◽  
Yugo Koshima ◽  
Alessandro De Sanctis
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals From Accountability to Readability in the Public Sector: Evidence from Italian Universities

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Alessandra Allini ◽  
Luca Ferri ◽  
Marco Maffei ◽  
Annamaria Zampella
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Accrual Accounting ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Final Sample

This paper aims to explore the readability of the disclosure provided by Italian universities that changed their accounting systems to accrual accounting over the past three years. The transition from cash to accrual accounting not only concerns financial statements, but also the related notes. Indeed, the Italian government has paid great attention to the narrative sections of reports due to their capacity to provide more transparency. To provide better accountability, financial statements must be readable for all stakeholders. We used two different indexes, namely the Gunning fog and GULPEase indexes. The analysis was conducted on a sample of universities to analyze the narrative sections of the first financial statements prepared according to the new accounting system in 2012–2014. The final sample comprised 32 Italian universities. The research results demonstrated low readability in the balance sheets of Italian universities after switching to accrual accounting, illustrating an unsatisfactory level of accountability.

scholarly journals Empirical Verification of the Existence and Functioning of Internal Controls in the Preparation of a Consolidated Property Balance Sheet for the State and Municipalities in Slovenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasna Ida Zafred
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
Information And Communication

The consolidation process, where a group of enterprises is presented as a single one, is prescribed by international accounting standards, and in accordance with them it has been taken over by Slovenian accounting standards and International Public Sector Accounting Standards. It may be conducted after prior preparation of basic financial statements of the controlling and the controlled enterprise. From the professional directives derives one of the demands that between consolidated standings there must not be any so-called "quasi-differences" due to unregulated accounting. In spite of the fact that Slovenian subjects of the public sector do not prepare financial statements in a way as determined by the standards, consolidation is being carried out, but for certain data of the balance sheets and based on a special regulation. This regulation allows the appearance of differences between the budgets users what influences the standing of the general state fund. In the research, by the method of random sampling by the use of an opinion poll according to the components of the COSO model, we empirically verified the effectiveness of the internal controlling system in the preparation of original documents of the balance sheets in the Slovenian public sector. We found out that formally differences are allowed, even quasi-differences, due to which reliability of a consolidation financial statement is questionable. Verification of the component of the controlling environment has shown for example that legal limitation periods for the confirmation of open positions are determined too early, and the proceedings are not agreed upon exactly enough when there is an imbalance between receivables and liabilities in the consolidation. In situations of short-term receivables and liabilities towards budget users in 31.12., there are standings that may lead to the risk of appearance of differences in the consolidation and for a string of accounts we found in the component of the controlling activity that budget users did not even the standings successfully or did not even balance the standings in 31.12., due to what differences appeared. This was the cause that measures were determined by accounting offices for the avoiding of an appearance of differences. The question of the component of information and communication was answered by accountants who wish they had more education, and the superiors who could use the information from financial statements better for their decision-making. Their software is still not safe enough, as in some cases the database of financial data is accessed. The results in the component of following showed that in several places audits of the procedure of preparation of property balance sheets were not performed.

Budget Deficits, Inflation Accounting, and Macroeconomic Policy: A Skeptical Note

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanos Catsambas
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Inflation Accounting ◽  
Private Spending ◽  
Interest Payments ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

ABSTRACTThis paper challenges the mechanical application of inflation accounting to public sector deficits as it has been suggested in recent years. Although the theoretical considerations underlying the proposed adjustment for the inflation premium of interest payments are well taken, the new approach has fundamentally focused on measurement issues with little attention paid to the behavioral aspects of microeconomic adjustment. This paper, therefore, raises skepticism about the usefulness of inflation accounting, if such a correction is not accompanied by a conceptual model that links behavioral responses of individuals to balance sheets and other stock variables. In a departure from previous investigations, the paper also points out the possibility that inflation accounting might have more relevant implications for public, rather than private, spending.

scholarly journals Public Sector Balance Sheet Strength and the Macro Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (170) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Sovereign Bonds ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Macroeconomic Implications

This paper introduces concepts of public sector balance sheet (PSBS) strength, taking into account different aspects of what governments own in addition to what they owe. It develops measures of PSBS strength and investigates their macroeconomic implications. Empirical estimations show that in their pricing of sovereign bonds, financial markets account for government assets and net worth in addition to their liabilities. Furthermore, economies with stronger public sector balance sheets experience shallower recessions and recover faster in the aftermath of economic downturns. This faster return to growth can be explained by the greater space for countercyclical fiscal policy in countries with stronger balance sheets.

Prospects for the UK Economy

2010 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. F41-F60
Author(s):  
Simon Kirby ◽  
Ray Barrell ◽  
Rachel Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Negative Output

The UK economy has now enjoyed four consecutive quarters of expansion. Indeed GDP growth reached 1.2 per cent in the second quarter of this year, the fastest rate of growth in over a decade. The National Institute's estimate of monthly GDP suggests that the economy continued to expand in the third quarter of this year, but at a more modest pace of 0.5 per cent (see figure 1). Such a slowdown should not have come as a surprise. Persistently strong growth is unlikely in an economy where household balance sheets are still undergoing repair, funding channels to business remain impaired and the public sector is embarking on a significant programme of fiscal consolidation. However, we continue to think the chances of negative output growth in 2011 are about one in five and hence a double dip recession is unlikely.

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