Prediction of Crime Hot Spots Using Spatiotemporal Ordinary Kriging

2018 ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa S. Deshmukh ◽  
Basava Annappa
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Crime Hot Spots

Satisfaction With Police in Violent Crime Hot Spots

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory P. Haberman ◽  
Elizabeth R. Groff ◽  
Jerry H. Ratcliffe ◽  
Evan T. Sorg
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Crime Hot Spots ◽  
Satisfaction With Police

Collaborative problem-solving at youth crime hot spots: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Gill ◽  
David Weisburd ◽  
Zoe Vitter ◽  
Claudia Gross Shader ◽  
Tari Nelson-Zagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Youth Crime ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Collaborative Problem ◽  
Crime Hot Spots

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a case study of a pilot program in which a collaborative problem-solving approach was implemented at hot spots of juvenile and youth crime in downtown Seattle, Washington. Design/methodology/approach Two matched pairs of youth crime hot spots were allocated at random to treatment (“non-enforcement problem-solving”) or comparison (“policing-as-usual”) conditions within matched pairs. In the treatment condition, police collaborated with community and local government partners to develop problem-solving strategies that deemphasized arrests and other traditional law enforcement approaches. Impacts on crime incidents, calls for service, and police activity were assessed using difference-in-differences Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Findings No significant impact on crime or calls for service was observed at one site, where several problem-solving approaches were successfully implemented. However, crime and calls for service were significantly lower at the other site, where some enforcement activity took place but non-enforcement problem-solving was limited. Research limitations/implications The authors find mixed support for non-enforcement problem-solving at hot spots. The enforcement may be necessary for stabilization, and must be balanced with the risks of justice system involvement for youth. Political support at the city level is necessary for collaboration. Limitations include the small number of sites in this pilot study and key differences between treatment and comparison locations. Originality/value This study is one of the first to assess the impact of primarily non-enforcement problem-solving specifically at youth crime hot spots.

scholarly journals Improvement of Spatial Modeling of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Ni in Soil Based on Portable X-ray Fluorescence (PXRF) and Geostatistics: A Case Study in East China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia ◽  
Hu ◽  
Shao ◽  
Xu ◽  
Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Heavy Metals ◽  
Metals Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution

To verify the feasibility of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) for rapidly analyzing, assessing and improving soil heavy metals mapping, 351 samples were collected from Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, in eastern China. Ordinary kriging (OK) and co-ordinary kriging (COK) combined with PXRF measurements were used to explore spatial patterns of heavy metals content in the soil. The Getis-Ord index was calculated to discern hot spots of heavy metals. Finally, multi-variable indicator kriging was conducted to obtain a map of multi-heavy metals pollution. The results indicated Cd is the primary pollution element in Fuyang, followed by As and Pb. Application of PXRF measurements as covariates in COK improved model accuracy, especially for Pb and Cd. Heavy metals pollution hot spots were mainly detected in northern Fuyang and plains along the Fuchun River in southern Fuyang because of mining, industrial and traffic activities, and irrigation with polluted water. Area with high risk of multi-heavy metals pollution mainly distributed in plain along the Fuchun River and the eastern Fuyang. These findings certified the feasibility of using PXRF as an efficient and reliable method for soil heavy metals pollution assessment and mapping, which could contribute to reduce the cost of surveys and pollution remediation.

Crime Hot Spots

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weisburd ◽  
Sean Wire
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Hot Spots Policing ◽  
Crime Hot Spots ◽  
Criminology Of Place ◽  
Traditional Paradigm

Hot spots of crime, and the criminology of place more generally, deviate from the traditional paradigm of criminology, in which the primary assumption and goal is to explain who is likely to commit crime and their motivations, and to explore interventions aimed at reducing individual criminality. Alternatively, crime hot spots account for the “where” of crime, specifically referring to the concentration of crime in small geographic areas. The criminology of place demands a rethinking in regard to how we understand the crime problem and offers alternate ways to predict, explain, and prevent crime. While place, as large geographic units, has been important since the inception of criminology as a discipline, research examining crime concentrations at a micro-geographic level has only recently begun to be developed. This approach has been facilitated by improvements to data availability, technology, and the understanding of crime as a function of the environment. The new crime and place paradigm is rooted in the past three decades of criminological research centered on routine activity theory, crime concentrations, and hot spots policing. The focus on crime hot spots has led to several core empirical findings. First, crime is meaningfully concentrated, such that a large proportion of crime events occur at relatively few places within larger geographies like cities. This may be termed the law of crime concentration at places (see Weisburd, 2015). Additionally, most hot spots of crime are stable over time, and thus present promising opportunities for crime prevention. Crime hot spots vary within higher geographic units, suggesting both that there is a loss of information at higher levels of aggregation and that there are clear “micro communities” within the larger conceptualization of a neighborhood. Finally, crime at place is predictable, which is important for being able to understand why crime is concentrated in one place and not another, as well as to develop crime prevention strategies. These empirical characteristics of crime hot spots have led to the development of successful police interventions to reduce crime. These interventions are generally termed hot spots policing.

scholarly journals Hot Spots of Crime Are Not Just Hot Spots of Crime: Examining Health Outcomes at Street Segments

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weisburd ◽  
Clair White
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Crime Hot Spots ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, we seek to identify whether the relationship between health disparities and crime occurs at a micro-geographic level. Do hot spot streets evidence much higher levels of mental and physical illness than streets with little crime? Are residents of crime hot spots more likely to have health problems that interfere with their normal daily activities? To answer these questions, we draw upon a large National Institutes of Health study of a sample of hot spots and non-hot spots in Baltimore, Maryland. This is the first study we know of to report on this relationship, and accordingly, we present unique descriptive data. Our findings show that both physical and mental health problems are much more likely to be found on hot spot streets than streets with little crime. This suggests that crime hot spots are not simply places with high levels of crime, but also places that evidence more general disadvantage. We argue that these findings have important policy implications for the targeting of health services and for developing proactive prevention programs.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE FOR CRIME HOT-SPOTS PREDICTION

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keivan Kianmehr ◽  
Reda Alhajj
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Crime Hot Spots
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document