Experience with Farming Models, Socio-economic Issues and Agronomic Performance of Jatropha curcas L. in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 507-525
Author(s):  
Raphael Muzondiwa Jingura ◽  
Reckson Kamusoko ◽  
Abel Chemura
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Revision of the Aphthona cookei species group in Sub-Saharan Africa: pests of Jatropha curcas L. in biodiesel plantations (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)

Entomologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Biondi ◽  
F. Urbani ◽  
P. D’Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Aphthona cookei species-group from Sub-Saharan Africa, comprising some pests of Jatropha curcas L., is herein analyzed and revised. This species-group includes: Aphthona cookei (Gerstaecker, 1871), A. dilutipes Jacoby, 1906, A. nigripes (Allard, 1890), A. thikana Bryant, 1940, A. usambarica Weise, 1902, A. weisei (Jacoby, 1899b), A. whitfieldi Bryant, 1933 and the new species A. namibiana sp. n. from Namibia. The following new synonymies are proposed: Aphthona cookei (Gerstaecker, 1871)=Aphthona weisei abokana Bechyné, 1959 syn. n.; Aphthona dilutipes Jacoby, 1906=Aphthona damarorum Weise, 1914 syn. n.; Aphthona nigripes (Allard, 1890)=Pseudeugonotes vannutellii Jacoby, 1899a syn. n. A key to the species, micrographs of male and female genitalia, scanning electron micrographs of peculiar morphological characters, and distributional and ecological data are supplied. Finally, the results of a discriminant analysis using six morphological characters are also reported.

scholarly journals Jatropha Curcas Development as Intervention Potential to Tackling Land, Energy and Food Challenges of Rural Communities in Dryland Sub-Saharan Africa

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Joshua Ogunwole ◽  
Gunnar Kirchhof ◽  
Birhanu Z. Birhanu ◽  
Sjoerd Duiker ◽  
Luiz F. Pires
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Global population growth is placing increasing pressures on land for food and feed production as well as energy security. In particular in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), these issues require urgent attention. This is clearly stated in The United Nations Global Goals for Sustainable Development emphasizing the importance of sustainable use of land resources to increase food productivity and energy requirement. SSA lags behind most regions of the world in household food security and access to energy. The rural agriculture-dependent communities of SSA are the hardest hit by food and energy scarcity and the impact is felt most by communities in the dryland farming areas. In terms of energy supply appropriate measures and interventions are required to address this challenge. Jatropha curcas L. oil fast tracked itself from obscurity to prominence. Its main advantage is the high content of methyl ester (or bio-diesel). It conforms to EN 14214 specifications, exhibiting emission reduction potential and qualifying as a lucrative bio-diesel alternative to fossil diesel. This paper proposes a focus on Jatropha technology as a holistic approach to tackling the land, energy and food degradation challenges in unison for dry-land SSA. The new Jatropha strategy would be innovative and environmentally friendly soil resource recapitalization and supply feed stock for rural energy generation while fulfilling the criteria of delivering other benefits, such as addressing land use conflict for food and energy production

Quantitative genetics, molecular techniques and agronomic performance of provitamin a maize in sub-Saharan Africa.

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-324
Author(s):  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
M.A.B. Fakorede ◽  
A.O. Talabi ◽  
E. Obeng-Bio ◽  
S.G.N. Tchala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract This chapter focuses on quantitative genetics, screening of germplasm collection at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, genetic diversity, genetic variation of provitamin A content in maize. Inheritance, heritability, genotype-by-environment for carotenoid content, population improvement, development of open-pollinated varieties were also discussed. Agronomic performance, stress tolerance, combining ability, heterosis were also conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. It may be concluded that maize in sub-Saharan Africa can be effectively subjected to genetic enhancement of provitamin A, along with other mineral components of the kernel and the plant traits for sustainable, high-quality food sufficiency to drastically reduce hunger and malnutrition.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Agronomic Performance of Selected Landraces And Improved Groundnuts Cultivars In Central Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Mulumba ◽  
Ronald Kakeeto ◽  
Rose Nankya ◽  
Hannington Lwandasa ◽  
Brian Isabirye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is important for providing food, income, livestock fodder for smallholder farmers, and improving soil fertility. However, groundnut yields on farmers’ fields in Sub-Saharan Africa are still very low due to various constraints. Several groundnut cultivars are available within the farmer’s domain but the adoption of these varieties favours landraces as opposed to improved varieties. Limited information is available on performance of commonly grown cultivars for guiding selection by different user groups (farmers, breeders and other users). This study was thus designed to determine the performance of selected landraces and improved groundnut varieties in Uganda. 23 groundnut lines with varying degrees of tolerance to a range of stresses were evaluated at two sites. Results showed significant (P ≤ 0.05 to P≤ 0.001) differences among genotypes for yield. Significant (P≤0.05 to P≤0.001) varietal differences were also observed between landraces and improved varieties for growth and physiological traits but not for pest and disease reaction. Clustering was not evident on the basis of either landraces or improved cultivars for pests and diseases incidences. However, associations of a mix of both groundnut classes of with particular diseases and/or pests were observed. Varieties such as India, Serenut 10, Kabonge, and DOK Tan associated with diseases such as rosette virus disease and its vector pest, the aphids. The results reported in this study shall be useful for driving the development of new cultivars owing to their good adaptability and acceptance thus the need to conserve and ensure sustainable use of these germplasm.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cassava Genotypes for Agronomic Performance, Correlation with CMD and CBSD Parameters and Stability across Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos in Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
L. N. Navangi ◽  
S. M. Githiri ◽  
E. M. Ateka ◽  
E. Kanju ◽  
T. L. Munga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Local Standard ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is constrained by the two biotic constraints namely, cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). The aim of this study was to evaluate elite cassava genotypes for variation in agronomical traits, correlate them to CMD and CBSD parameters and identify stable genotypes in Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos in Western Kenya. Twenty three (23) elite cassava genotypes that had shown resistance to either one or both of CMD and CBSD in Eastern Africa were evaluated. The trial was conducted using an alpha lattice balanced design with twenty three (23) genotypes, replicated three times at Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos in Western Kenya for an extended cropping cycle between 2016 and 2017. Results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between genotypes and location (or agro-ecology), but not interaction (P ≥ 0.05), for all the agronomic performance parameters evaluated. All the 23 cassava genotypes evaluated across the three locations had mean cyanide potential levels ranging from of 3.00–6.00 and were therefore, sweet and not bitter. The significant but negative relationship between CMD and CBSD incidence and severity with agronomic performance implied that their relationship was inverse. Confirmation of stability for agronomic performance was achieved through AMMI analysis, using AMMI stability value (ASV). Stable genotypes based on AMMI stability values (ASV) for fresh root yield across Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos were KBH/2002/066, Kibandameno (a local standard check), NASE-18, Kizimbani and NASE-3. These genotypes need to be further evaluated in more environments to assess their wider adaptability and stability.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

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