Introduction to Engine Exhaust Particulates

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Atul Dhar ◽  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
Pravesh Chandra Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Engine Exhaust

CRUCIBLE 347

Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Annealed Condition ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Specialty Metals

Abstract CRUCIBLE F347 is a non-hardenable austenitic chromium-nickel steel that is particularly adaptable for use at temperatures between 800 and 1650 F. It is non-magnetic in the annealed condition but is slightly magnetic in the cold-worked condition. Among its many applications are aircraft-engine exhaust manifolds, boiler shells and high-temperature handling equipment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-436. Producer or source: Crucible Specialty Metals Division, Colt Industries.

CRUCIBLE 321

Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Annealed Condition ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Specialty Metals

Abstract CRUCIBLE 321 is a non-hardenable austenitic chromium-nickel steel which is particularly adaptable for parts fabricated by welding without postweld annealing for use at temperatures between 800 and 1500 F. This grade is non-magnetic in the annealed condition but is slightly magnetic when cold worked. Among its many applications are aircraft-engine exhaust manifolds, furnace parts and expansion joints. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-426. Producer or source: Crucible Specialty Metals Division, Colt Industries.

FLAMMABLE VAPOR IGNITION BY ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEMS

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-348
Author(s):  
GREGORY J. HAUSSMANN ◽  
LAWRENCE M. MATTA
Keyword(s):  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Systems

Career fire hall exposures to diesel engine exhaust in Ontario, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
JuWon Chung ◽  
Paul A. Demers ◽  
Sheila Kalenge ◽  
Tracy L. Kirkham
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Engine Exhaust

scholarly journals Assessment of Environmental Risks of Particulate Matter Emissions from Road Transport Based on the Emission Inventory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6123
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bebkiewicz ◽  
Zdzisław Chłopek ◽  
Hubert Sar ◽  
Krystian Szczepański ◽  
Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental hazards posed by solid particles resulting from road transport. To achieve this, a methodology used to inventory pollutant emissions was used in accordance with the recommendations of the EMEP/EEA (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Economic Area). This paper classifies particulates derived from road transport with reference to their properties and sources of origin. The legal status of environmental protection against particulate matter is presented. The emissions of particulate matter with different properties from different road transport sources is examined based on the results of Poland’s inventory of pollutant emissions in the year 2018. This study was performed using areas with characteristic traffic conditions: inside and outside cities, as well as on highways and expressways. The effects of vehicles were classified according to Euro emissions standards into the categories relating to the emissions of different particulate matter types. The results obtained showed that technological progress in the automobile sector has largely contributed to a reduction in particulate matter emissions associated with engine exhaust gases, and that this has had slight effect on particulate matter emissions associated with the tribological processes of vehicles. The conclusion formed is that it is advisable to undertake work towards the control and reduction of road transport particulate matter emissions associated with the sources other than engine exhaust gases.

scholarly journals The Synergy of Two Biofuel Additives on Combustion Process to Simultaneously Reduce NOx and PM Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2784
Author(s):  
Jerzy Cisek ◽  
Szymon Lesniak ◽  
Winicjusz Stanik ◽  
Włodzimierz Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Heat Released

The article presents the results of research on the influence of two fuel additives that selectively affect the combustion process in a diesel engine cylinder. The addition of NitrON® reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx), due to a reduction in the kinetic combustion rate, at the cost of a slight increase in the concentration of particulate matter (PM) in the engine exhaust gas. The Reduxco® additive reduces PM emissions by increasing the diffusion combustion rate, while slightly increasing the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust gas. Research conducted by the authors confirmed that the simultaneous use of both of these additives in the fuel not only reduced both NOx and PM emissions in the exhaust gas but additionally the reduction of NOx and PM emissions was greater than the sum of the effects of these additives—the synergy effect. Findings indicated that the waveforms of the heat release rate (dQ/dα) responsible for the emission of NOx and PM in the exhaust gas differed for the four tested fuels in relation to the maximum value (selectively and independently in the kinetic and diffusion stage), and they were also phase shifted. Due to this, the heat release process Q(α) was characterized by a lower amount of heat released in the kinetic phase compared to fuel with NitrON® only and a greater amount of heat released in the diffusion phase compared to fuel with Reduxco® alone, which explained the lowest NOx and PM emissions in the exhaust gas at that time. For example for the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust: the Nitrocet® fuel additive (in the used amount of 1500 ppm) reduces the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 18% compared to the base fuel. The addition of a Reduxco® catalyst to the fuel (1500 ppm) unfortunately increases the NOx concentration by up to 20%. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel, containing both additives simultaneously, is characterized, thanks to the synergy effect, by the lowest NOx concentration (reduction by 22% in relation to the base). For example for PM emissions: the Nitrocet® fuel additive does not significantly affect the PM emissions in the engine exhaust (up to a few per cent compared to the base fuel). The addition of a Reduxco® catalyst to the fuel greatly reduces PM emissions in the engine exhaust, up to 35% compared to the base fuel. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel containing both additives simultaneously is characterized by the synergy effect with the lowest PM emission (reduction of 39% compared to the base fuel).

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