Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma spp.: Current Understandings and Future Outlooks on Molecular Techniques

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Rai ◽  
Manoj Kumar Solanki ◽  
Anjali Chandrol Solanki ◽  
Kanakala Surapathrudu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Screening, identification and evaluation of Trichoderma spp. for biocontrol potential of common bean damping-off pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Amperes Bedine Boat ◽  
Modeste Lambert Sameza ◽  
Beatrice Iacomi ◽  
Severin Nguemezi Tchameni ◽  
Fabrice Fekam Boyom
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Identification of Biocontrol Isolates of Trichoderma spp

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1890-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hermosa ◽  
I. Grondona ◽  
E. A. Iturriaga ◽  
J. M. Diaz-Minguez ◽  
C. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Green Mold ◽  
Phoma Betae ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACT The most common biological control agents (BCAs) of the genusTrichoderma have been reported to be strains ofTrichoderma virens, T. harzianum, and T. viride. Since Trichoderma BCAs use different mechanisms of biocontrol, it is very important to explore the synergistic effects expressed by different genotypes for their practical use in agriculture. Characterization of 16 biocontrol strains, previously identified as “Trichoderma harzianum” Rifai and one biocontrol strain recognized asT. viride, was carried out using several molecular techniques. A certain degree of polymorphism was detected in hybridizations using a probe of mitochondrial DNA. Sequencing of internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) revealed three different ITS lengths and four different sequence types. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1 sequences, including type strains of different species, clustered the 17 biocontrol strains into four groups: T. harzianum-T. inhamatum complex, T. longibrachiatum, T. asperellum, and T. atroviride-T. koningii complex. ITS2 sequences were also useful for locating the biocontrol strains inT. atroviride within the complex T. atroviride-T. koningii. None of the biocontrol strains studied corresponded to biotypes Th2 or Th4 of T. harzianum, which cause mushroom green mold. Correlation between different genotypes and potential biocontrol activity was studied under dual culturing of 17 BCAs in the presence of the phytopathogenic fungi Phoma betae,Rosellinia necatrix, Botrytis cinerea, andFusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi in three different media.

Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma and Bacillus Species on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp vasinfectum

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Otília Ricardo De Farias ◽  
Luciana Cordeiro De Nascimento ◽  
José Manoel Ferreira de Lima Cruz ◽  
Hiago Antônio Oliveira Silva ◽  
Mônica Danielly de Mello Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Preventive Methods

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, is one of the major diseases of cotton. Preventive methods to manage this disease should be adopted what includes the seed treatment with biocontrol agents as a good alternative. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of biological products based on Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis in the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) applied in seeds and seedlings of cotton. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratório de Fitopatologia of the Centro de Ciências Agrárias, of the Universidade Federal de Paraíba (CCA-UFPB), located in the city of Areia, Paraíba - Brazil. The disease transmission of the seeds to the seedlings was evaluated. After the transmission test, cotton seeds of the variety Mocó (Gossypium hirsutum var. Marie-gallante (Watt) Hutch.), BRS 286 and Topázio cultivar (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were submitted to the treatments T1 - Control, T2 - Trichodel® (0,5 mL); T3-Trichodel® (1.0 mL); T4-Trichodel® (1.5 mL); T5-Trichodel® (2.0 mL); T6-Bactel® (2.0 mL); T7-Bactel® (2.5 mL); T8-Bactel® (3.0 mL); T9-Bactel® (3.5 mL) diluted in 100 mL SDW; T10 - Fungicide Captana (240 g / 100 kg of seeds) and inoculated with Fov. The pathogen incidence of the seeds was evaluated seven days after the inoculation (DAI). To evaluate the biological control of Fov in the seedlings, the treated seeds were submitted to the following inoculation methods: 1 - inoculation of the substrate with a pathogen conidia suspension; 2 - immersion of the seeds in the conidia suspension and 3 - direct contact of the seeds with the pathogen mycelium. Twenty-one DAI the disease severity and percentage of seedlings with vascular darkening were evaluated. It was observed a transmission rate of 64.0 to 89.0% of the seeds to the seedlings. Trichodel® reduced the incidence and severity of Fov in the cotton seedlings and was the most efficient product.

Constraints associated with taxonomy of biocontrol fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Complex Life Cycles ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Biocontrol Fungi

An increasing number of fungi are being collected and screened for the biological control of pests, but nomenclature, taxonomy, and correct identification of many of them remain problematic. Trichoderma spp. and the rust fungi are promising candidates for biocontrol agents, yet they present serious taxonomic problems. Several groups of entomopathogenic fungi are also potential biocontrol sources of agents. Genera such as Cordyceps, Aschersonia, Verticillium, Beauveria, and Metarhizium are in need of urgent revision. Before their release can be considered, all details of their complex life cycles and taxonomy have to be elucidated to satisfy quarantine authorities. Formerly, the taxonomy and identification of biocontrol fungi has been based largely on morphological structures, but molecular techniques have been introduced to provide more objective criteria. Beauveria and Metarhizium spp. have been subjected to several molecular techniques that have resolved phylogeny and species concepts. In Metarhizium, a high degree of genetic diversity is present. Incorrect typification, lack of holotypes, and poorly resolved life cycles and unclear teleomorph – (syn)anamorph connections are serious taxonomic contraints. Only a small fraction of the fungi that can be used for biological control has been examined. The destruction of habitats and ecosystems for these fungi will result in the disappearance of fungal germ plasm of potential value, not only for biological control but also as a source of novel metabolites. This loss and the decline of taxonomic expertise in the fungi are major problems. Key words: biocontrol, taxonomy, Trichoderma, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Cordyceps.

scholarly journals Effect of a Wood-Based Carrier of Trichoderma atroviride SC1 on the Microorganisms of the Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Hamza Chammem ◽  
Livio Antonielli ◽  
Andrea Nesler ◽  
Massimo Pindo ◽  
Ilaria Pertot
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Wood pellets can sustain the growth of Trichoderma spp. in soil; however, little is known about their side effects on the microbiota. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of wood pellets on the growth of Trichoderma spp. in bulk soil and on the soil microbial population’s composition and diversity. Trichoderma atroviride SC1 coated wood pellets and non-coated pellets were applied at the level of 10 g∙kg−1 of soil and at the final concentration of 5 × 103 conidia∙g−1 of soil and compared to a conidial suspension applied at the same concentration without the wood carrier. Untreated bulk soil served as a control. The non-coated wood pellets increased the total Trichoderma spp. population throughout the experiment (estimated as colony-forming unit g−1 of soil), while wood pellets coated with T. atroviride SC1 did not. The wood carrier increased the richness, and temporarily decreased the diversity, of the bacterial population, with Massilia being the most abundant bacterial genus, while it decreased both the richness and diversity of the fungal community. Wood pellets selectively increased fungal species having biocontrol potential, such as Mortierella, Cladorrhinum, and Stachybotrys, which confirms the suitability of such carriers of Trichoderma spp. for soil application.

scholarly journals IN-VITRO BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL AND MECHANISM OF INHIBITION OF INDIGENOUS TRICHODERMA ISOLATES FROM SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE OF INDONESIA AGAINST SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Gusnawaty HS ◽  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Vit Neru Satrah ◽  
Novita Pramahsari Putri ◽  
Asniah, Mariadi
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Test Fungus ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Sclerotium rolfsii is an important plant pathogen and causes disease in some cultivated plants especially in Southeast Sulawesi. S. rolfsii is mainly controlled by using synthetic fungicides which are hazardous to human, livestock and environment. In the present study, eleven species of Trichoderma, indigenous to Southeast Sulawesi, were tested for their in vitro efficacy against S. rolfsii to replace deleterious fungicides. The analysis of variance showed significant results of the indigenous Trichoderma spp. against S. rolfsii. in in vitro test. All the Trichoderma isolates inhibited the growth of the test fungus differently. After three days of inoculation, ST1 treatment showed the highest inhibitory ability by 55.56% but was not significantly different from the inhibitory abilities of ST2, ST3, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST9, ST10, and ST11 treatments. The treatment ST4 and ST8 gave inhibitory abilities by 25.22% and 26.11% respectively. Furthermore, the data after 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after inoculation were also significant. The ST1 (DKT isolate) treatment gave the maximum inhibition of the test fungus after all the time intervals of seven days. On the other hand, ST8 (LKP isolate) treatment gave the lowest inhibitory ability. DKT isolate of indigenous Trichoderma had the highest inhibitory ability reaching to 55.56% on third days of observation while LKP isolate had the lowest inhibitory ability of 16.67% and then decreased subsequently. the antagonistic mechanisms of Trichoderma isolates were space and nutrition competition, antibiosis, and mycoparasitism. These results showed that Trichoderma indigenous to Southeast Sulawesi had better in vitro inhibitory ability to control S. rolfsii by the above-mentioned mechanisms.

scholarly journals Trichoderma viride Controls Macrophomina phaseolina through its DNA disintegration and Production of Antifungal Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 888-894
Author(s):  
Iqra Haider Khan
Keyword(s):  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Degraded Dna ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Macrophomina phaseolina is a highly destructive pathogen of more than 500 plant species. It is difficult to eradicate it through chemical means as no patented fungicide is available against this pathogen. Biological control is the possible alternative method for its suitable management. The present study was carried out to evaluate the biocontrol potential of five Trichoderma spp. against M. phaseolina and the possible mechanisms of action. Identifications of all the Trichoderma spp. viz. T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. longipile and T. viride were confirmed on molecular basis by using two universal primer pairs namely ITS and EF1. Their biocontrol potential was evaluated in dual culture plate method where T. viride showed the highest inhibitory efficacy (63%) against M. phaseolina. T. koningii, T. hamatum and T. longipile showed akin effects by arresting growth of the pathogen by 46–47% followed by T. harzianum (28%). To find out the mechanisms of action, secondary extrolites of the best biocontrol fungus T. viride were tested against the pathogenic genomic DNA where all the concentrations partially degraded DNA bands after 24 h of incubation and a complete DNA band disappearance was noted after 48 h incubation. In addition, T. viride culture filtrates were partitioned with chloroform and ethyl acetate and subjected to GC-MS analysis for identification of potential antifungal constituents. The most abundant identified volatile compounds in the two organic solvent fractions were 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (44.54%), n-hexadecanoic acid (24.02%), hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (14.25%), 9-tricosene, (Z)- (10.43%) and [1,1'-bicyclopropyl]-2-octanoic acid, 2'-hexyl-, methyl ester (10.43%). To conclude, T. viride was the best biocontrol agent against M. phaseolina and acts against the pathogen by DNA disintegration and production of antifungal secondary metabolites. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trichoderma spp for the biocontrol of Moniliophthora perniciosa Subgroup 1441

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lucia Garcia Simoes ◽  
Samia Maria Tauk-Tornisielo ◽  
Givaldo Rocha Niella ◽  
Daniel Mario Tapia Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Moniliophthora Perniciosa ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
The Individual

Trichoderma species , isolated from different producer regions of cocoa (Bahia, Brazil), were evaluated as for their capacity of usage in the biocontrol of the basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa subgroup 1441, which causes the witches’ broom in cocoa. The isolates of Trichoderma were evaluated through individual indices so called %AP (Antagonistic Potential to Moniliophthora perniciosa subgroup 1441), %PG (Potential Growth in vitro) and %PSPr (Potential of Spore Production on rice) These indices were evaluated together, also they were used for the determination of Biological Control Potential (%BCP) of each antagonistic specie to the evaluated pathogen. Afterwards, the ability of the antagonistic to colonize and to produce spores on sterilized dry brooms was also evaluated. Some of the isolates Trichoderma spp showed a high %AP to the pathogen and high %PG, but did not present a significant %PSPr, turning impossible the spore production for biocontrol at commercial level. Significant differences were found within the individual indices among the species and isolates of the same species of Trichoderma spp, pointing out a great genetic variability among them. Trichoderma harzianum 911 showed to have the best biocontrol potential to the pathogen when compared to the other isolates, presenting a %BCP de 91.86% (mainly by the high %AP of 97,76%) a %PSPr of 99.53%, also producing 22.67 spores x 109. mL-1 by dry broom segment. Trichoderma harzianum 911 showed to be as promising isolate for future researches on biocontrol of cocoa witches’ broom.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document