scholarly journals Trichoderma viride Controls Macrophomina phaseolina through its DNA disintegration and Production of Antifungal Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 888-894
Author(s):  
Iqra Haider Khan
Keyword(s):  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Degraded Dna ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Macrophomina phaseolina is a highly destructive pathogen of more than 500 plant species. It is difficult to eradicate it through chemical means as no patented fungicide is available against this pathogen. Biological control is the possible alternative method for its suitable management. The present study was carried out to evaluate the biocontrol potential of five Trichoderma spp. against M. phaseolina and the possible mechanisms of action. Identifications of all the Trichoderma spp. viz. T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. longipile and T. viride were confirmed on molecular basis by using two universal primer pairs namely ITS and EF1. Their biocontrol potential was evaluated in dual culture plate method where T. viride showed the highest inhibitory efficacy (63%) against M. phaseolina. T. koningii, T. hamatum and T. longipile showed akin effects by arresting growth of the pathogen by 46–47% followed by T. harzianum (28%). To find out the mechanisms of action, secondary extrolites of the best biocontrol fungus T. viride were tested against the pathogenic genomic DNA where all the concentrations partially degraded DNA bands after 24 h of incubation and a complete DNA band disappearance was noted after 48 h incubation. In addition, T. viride culture filtrates were partitioned with chloroform and ethyl acetate and subjected to GC-MS analysis for identification of potential antifungal constituents. The most abundant identified volatile compounds in the two organic solvent fractions were 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (44.54%), n-hexadecanoic acid (24.02%), hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (14.25%), 9-tricosene, (Z)- (10.43%) and [1,1'-bicyclopropyl]-2-octanoic acid, 2'-hexyl-, methyl ester (10.43%). To conclude, T. viride was the best biocontrol agent against M. phaseolina and acts against the pathogen by DNA disintegration and production of antifungal secondary metabolites. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals ​Antagonistic Activity of Panchagavya and Trichoderma spp. against Wilt Complex causing Pathogens of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Parmar ◽  
N.M. Gohel
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Chickpea Wilt

Background: Chickpea wilt complex caused by several soil-borne pathogens is the major yield-reducing malady worldwide. Biological control is one of the best, low-cost and ecologically sustainable method for managing plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Methods: In this present investigation Panchagavya and Trichoderma spp. were evaluated by following poisoned food technique and dual culture technique against wilt complex causing pathogens i.e. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. Result: Among the different isolates of Trichoderma spp. evaluated, Trichoderma viride (AAU isolate) was highly antagonistic to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (52.78%) and F. solani (65.37%) whereas, Trichoderma asperellum (AAU isolate) was highly antagonistic to M. phaseolina (65.93%). Panchagavya at the highest concentration (50%) showed significantly higher efficacy (80.74, 66.62 and 49.67%) in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all three pathogens and at the lowest concentration it was moderately effective.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and fungicides against Lasiodiplodia theobromae

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Bhadra ◽  
Abul Khair ◽  
Md Anawar Hossain ◽  
Md Maniruzzaman Sikder
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Yellow Strain

Experiments were carried out to find out the bio-efficacy of four Trichoderma species, viz. Trichoderma harzianum, T.koningii, T.viride (green strain), T.viride (yellow strain) against canker pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Bioassay of antagonist against test pathogens conducted by dual culture techniques at different temperatures; volatile, non volatile and naturally untreated metabolites of isolates were examined. T. koningii and T.viride (yellow strain) exhibited maximum inhibition in controlling the pathogens. Fungicides, viz. Bavistin and Dithane M-45 used where Bavistin found little effective but Dithane M-45 showed no effects on pathogen. Trichoderma viride showed better performance to control Lasiodiplodia theobromae than commercial fungicides used during present investigation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i2.22008 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(2), 125-130, 2014

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and In Vitro Test for the Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma viride on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Tsegaye Mekuria Ayele ◽  
Guesh Desta Gebremariam ◽  
Subban Patharajan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Biocontrol Efficacy ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Dual Culture Assay ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Introduction: Tomato production in Ethiopia is challenged by many pests and diseases. Fusarium wilt is one of the most important diseases of tomato affecting its productivity. Methods: Tomato tissue and soil samples were collected from tomato farmlands around Aksum town to isolate and identify pathogenic Fusarium species and Trichoderma species with biocontrol efficacy. Samples were processed in the Aksum University Biotechnology laboratory following standard procedures. Results and Discussion: Eight Fusarium and five Trichoderma isolates were obtained. Six of the Fusarium isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, whereas the remaining two were Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium circinatum. Detached leaf bioassay of the F. oxysporum on tomato leaves showed leaf lesion on the tomato variety, Melka oda. The isolated Trichoderma strains were screened for biocontrol potential against virulent F. oxysporum in vitro. The Trichoderma isolate showing the highest biocontrol efficacy against the virulent Fusarium was morphologically identified as Trichoderma viride. in vitro F. oxysporum-T. viride dual culture assay demonstrated that T. viride inhibits the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici with 76.94% growth inhibition. Conclusion: Fusarium oxysporum is prevalent in tomato growing farmlands covered in this study. T. viride identified in this study is an effective biocontrol agent for the identified F. oxysporum fsp. lycopersici in vitro.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Streptomyces albus Strain and Its Secondary Metabolite Organophosphate against Charcoal Rot of Sorghum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1727
Author(s):  
Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Rajan Sharma ◽  
Vadlamudi Srinivas ◽  
Nimmala Naresh ◽  
Suraj P. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Blotter Paper ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Streptomycesalbus strain CAI-21 has been previously reported to have plant growth-promotion abilities in chickpea, pigeonpea, rice, and sorghum. The strain CAI-21 and its secondary metabolite were evaluated for their biocontrol potential against charcoal rot disease in sorghum caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Results exhibited that CAI-21 significantly inhibited the growth of the pathogen, M. phaseolina, in dual-culture (15 mm; zone of inhibition), metabolite production (74% inhibition), and blotter paper (90% inhibition) assays. When CAI-21 was tested for its biocontrol potential under greenhouse and field conditions following inoculation of M. phaseolina by toothpick method, it significantly reduced the number of internodes infected (75% and 45% less, respectively) and length of infection (75% and 51% less, respectively) over the positive control (only M. phaseolina inoculated) plants. Under greenhouse conditions, scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that the phloem and xylem tissues of the CAI-21-treated shoot samples were intact compared to those of the diseased stem samples. The culture filtrate of the CAI-21 was purified by various chromatographic techniques, and the active compound was identified as “organophosphate” by NMR and MS. The efficacy of organophosphate was found to inhibit the growth of M. phaseolina in the poisoned food technique. This study indicates that S.albus CAI-21 and its active metabolite organophosphate have the potential to control charcoal rot in sorghum.

scholarly journals Sobrevivência de estrutura de resistência de Macrophomina phaseolina e Sclerotium rolfsii em solo tratado biologicamente

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Rogéria Carvalho Nascimento ◽  
Fernando Henrique Alves Silva ◽  
Beatriz Letícia Silva Cruz ◽  
Andréa Mirne Macedo Dantas ◽  
Márcia Michelle Queiroz Ambrósio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do fungo Trichoderma e do produto Compost Aid® in vitro e na sobrevivência dos fungos Macrophomina phaseolina e Sclerotium rolfsii no solo. Os tratamentos foram: Tricobiol® a base de T. harzianum, Triconemate® a base de T. longibrachiatum da Biofungi Controle Biológico®, Trichoderma viride (TR2); T. harzianum (T25); T. koningii (T15); T. polysporum (Sn11) e Compost Aid®. A avaliação do antagonismo foi determinada pela nota atribuída à porcentagem de crescimento dos isolados de Trichoderma spp. em relação aos fungos fitopatogênicos, bem como a porcentagem de inibição do crescimento dos patógenos em relação ao produto Compost Aid®. A sobrevivência de estruturas de resistência dos fungos fitopatogênicos foi avaliada aos 40 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, através do plaqueamento em meios de cultura sem- seletivo e BDA. No experimento in vitro, em todos os tratamentos com Trichoderma, a porcentagem de inibição foi superior a 50%, para ambos os fungos fitopatogênicos. Os produtos comerciais Tricobiol® e Triconemate® propiciaram as maiores porcentagens de inibição do fungo S. rolfsii (62,5%). O produto Compost Aid® inibiu 100% e 98,57% do crescimento dos fungos M. phaseolina e S. rolfsii, respectivamente. Os tratamentos na forma mix de Trichoderma e Tricobiol® tiveram a mediana de 100%, enquanto o Triconemate® obteve 96% de inibição do crescimento de microesclerócios de M. phaseolina recuperados do solo, porém, não inibiram a germinação dos esclerócios de S. rolfsii. O produto Compost Aid® propiciou a mediana de 100 e 0% do crescimento das estruturas de resistência dos fungos M. phaseolina e S. rolfsii, respectivamente.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Efficacy of Trichoderma viride Against Sclerotium rolfsii and Macrophomina phaseolina

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood DOLEY ◽  
Paramjit Kaur JITE
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Trichoderma Species

The fungal pathogen causes serious widespread losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Therefore, economy of countries may worsen especially of developing countries. In addition, harmful chemical pesticides which are being used today for increasing crop production creates very serious health hazardous problems to human beings and ecosystem as a whole. The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma species which has been long known to control various soil-borne fungal pathogens in biological way may be utilized. The faster growth rates with which it competes with fungal pathogen mainly brings upon their antagonistic characteristics. An investigation was carried out in laboratory condition towards biological efficacy of T. viride on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the bio-control of soil-borne plant pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii and Macrophomina phaseolina in in-vitro condition. The dual culture technique was followed in which T. viride showed significant antifungal activities towards both the pathogens. T. viride significantly inhibited the mycelial radial growth of S. rolfsii by 75% and M. phaseolina by 71.42%. The results showed variable mycelial growth rate for all fungal isolates which was determined after 6 days of incubation in which T. viride showed minimum of 4.00 days to completely cover the petri-plates and S. rolfsii showed 4.33 days whereas M. phaseolina showed 6.33 days. Thus, T. viride showed encouraging results regarding their biopesticidal and biofungicidal potential against plant pathogens which may be endorsed to substitute harmful chemical supplements that exists in modern day agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Suppressive Effect of Trichoderma spp. on Toxigenic Fusarium Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Błaszczyk ◽  
Aneta Basińska-Barczak ◽  
Hanna Ćwiek-Kupczyńska ◽  
Karolina Gromadzka ◽  
Delfina Popiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species

The aim of the present study was to examine the abilities of twenty-four isolates belonging to ten different Trichoderma species (i.e., Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma citrinoviride, Trichoderma cremeum, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningiopsis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma longipile, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma viridescens) to inhibit the mycelial growth and mycotoxin production by five Fusarium strains (i.e., Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium cerealis, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium temperatum). Dual-culture bioassay on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium clearly documented that all of the Trichoderma strains used in the study were capable of influencing the mycelial growth of at least four of all five Fusarium species on the fourth day after co-inoculation, when there was the first apparent physical contact between antagonist and pathogen. The qualitative evaluation of the interaction between the colonies after 14 days of co-culturing on PDA medium showed that ten Trichoderma strains completely overgrew and sporulated on the colony at least one of the tested Fusarium species. Whereas, the microscopic assay provided evidence that only T. atroviride AN240 and T. viride AN255 formed dense coils around the hyphae of the pathogen from where penetration took place. Of all screened Trichoderma strains, T. atroviride AN240 was also found to be the most efficient (69–100% toxin reduction) suppressors of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, beauvericin, moniliformin) production by all five Fusarium species on solid substrates. This research suggests that T. atroviride AN240 can be a promising candidate for the biological control of toxigenic Fusarium species.

scholarly journals Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum against soybean charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Khaledi ◽  
Parissa Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Charcoal Rot

Abstract Throughout the world, charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is one of the most destructive and widespread diseases of crop plants such as soybean. In this study, the biological control capability of 11 Trichoderma spp. isolates against M. phaseolina was investigated using screening tests. Among all the tested Trichoderma spp. isolates, inhibition varied from 20.22 to 58.67% in dual culture tests. Dual culture, volatile and non-volatile tests revealed that two isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (including the isolates T7 and T14) best inhibited the growth of M. phaseolina in vitro. Therefore, these isolates were selected for biocontrol of M. phaseolina in vivo. The results of greenhouse experiments revealed that disease severity in the seed treatment with T. harzianum isolates was significantly lower than that of the soil treatment. In most of the cases, though, soil treatment with T. harzianum resulted in higher plant growth parameters, such as root and shoot weight. The effects of T. harzianum isolates on the activity of peroxidase enzyme and phenolic contents of the soybean root in the presence and absence of M. phaseolina were determined in greenhouse conditions. Our results suggested that a part of the inhibitory effect of T. harzianum isolates on soybean charcoal rot might be related to the indirect influence on M. phaseolina. Plant defense responses were activated as an elicitor in addition to the direct effect on the pathogen growth.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

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