Somaclonal Variation and Methods Used for Its Detection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
V. M. Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation

scholarly journals Somaclonal variation on in vitro callus culture potato cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N. Bordallo ◽  
Derly H. Silva ◽  
José Maria ◽  
Cosme D. Cruz ◽  
Elizabeth P. Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Arbitrary Sequence ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level

Synthetic seeds can be an alternative for those species in which botanical seeds are not viable. One of the major problems of in vitro plant cultivation is the high level of somaclonal variation. The most common factors affecting somaclonal variation are genotype, explant source, in vitro period and cultivation conditions in which the culture is established. In this work, calli were induced using leaf and stem explants of the commercial potato cultivars Achat, Baraka, Baronesa, Bintje, and Contenda in MS culture media supplemented with 1.65 mM of picloram and 11.5 mM of 2,4-D. Seventy and 90 days after induction, DNA samples of 40 calli were compared concerning the effects of the two explant (leaf and stem) and two growth regulator sources on five potatoes cultivars. A total of 20 arbitrary sequence primers were evaluated. The RAPD pattern generated by these primers suggested a high percentage of polymorphic fragments among the five genotypes, indicating a high level of genetic variation among cultivars. Cultivar Baronesa showed the highest number of polymorphic fragments for all treatments. The cultivar Contenda showed the smallest somaclonal variation, for most of the treatments, except for the treatment which consisted of stem explants, picloram (1.65 mM) application, and a 70-day period of callus formation. 'Contenda' is, therefore, the most suitable cultivar for synthetic seed production.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic and epigenetic changes during cell culture ageing and relations with somaclonal variation in Coffea arabica

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bobadilla Landey ◽  
Alberto Cenci ◽  
Romain Guyot ◽  
Benoît Bertrand ◽  
Frédéric Georget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Epigenetic Changes

Development and evaluation of in vitro somaclonal variation in strawberry for improved horticultural traits

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Biswas ◽  
M. Dutt ◽  
U.K. Roy ◽  
R. Islam ◽  
M. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Horticultural Traits

UV-B irradiation effects on pigments and cytological behaviour of callus in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Sadegh Mohajer ◽  
Rosna Mat Taha ◽  
Minoo Mohajer ◽  
Nordiyanah Anuar
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Cellular Behaviour

Purpose This study aims to determine the appropriate irradiation dose for induction of somaclonal variation in mass of unorganized parenchyma cells derived from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) tissues. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the feasibility of UV-B irradiation (312 nm), seeds and callus of sainfoin were exposed to five different intensities (20-100 per cent) for evaluating the effectiveness of phytochemical constituents and cellular behaviour. Findings Although percentage of seed viability reduced in 20 per cent intensity of UV-B irradiation compared with control seeds, the germination speed significantly enhanced from 3.58 to 5.42. The spectrophotometer analysis confirmed that concentrations of chlorophyll (a and b) decreased after UV-B exposure as compared with control callus. Also, carotenoid content showed significant differences among treated calli. Flavonoid and phenolic contents were observed to gradually increase when the non-irradiated callus subjected to 40 and 60 per cent intensities of UV-B irradiation, respectively. Observation on cellular behaviour such as determination of nuclear and cell areas, mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations were also detected to change in different intensities of UV-B irradiation. Fragmented and aneuploidy aberrations were only observed in exposed cells with more than 40 per cent intensity of UV-B irradiation. Originality/value In reality, radiocytological evaluation was proven to be essential in deducing the effectiveness of UV-B irradiation to induce somaclonal variation in callus tissue of sainfoin.

Use of somaclonal variation in the improvement of Eustoma grandiflorum

1987 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Griesbach ◽  
P. Semeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum

Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation in tomato detected by a GACA-containing microsatellite probe and by random amplified polymorphic DNA

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rus-Kortekaas ◽  
M. J. M. Smulders ◽  
P. Arens ◽  
B. Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Lycopersicon Species ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Simple Sequence

In this study, a direct comparison was made of the ability of four selected random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and a GACA-containing microsatellite probe to detect genetic variation in Lycopersicon. Of the 89 RAPD primers initially tested, 85 showed differences between a representative of Lycopersicon pennellii and L. esculentum, but only 4 distinguished among three L. esculentum cultivars. These four primers were subsequently tested on representatives of six Lycopersicon species. In pairwise comparisons of species, all or 14 of the 15 combinations could be distinguished by single primers. When the primers were tested on 15 L. esculentum cultivars, 90 of the 105 combinations could be distinguished by the four primers together. Finally, none of 118 tested primers showed reproducible differences among calli or progeny of régénérants from tissue culture, although some of the plants had inherited morphological mutations. The probe pWVA16, which detects GACA-containing microsatellites, could distinguish in TaqI-digested DNA the representatives of Lycopersicon species as well as all the L. esculentum cultivars tested. The probe was unable to detect polymorphisms among calli and the progeny of regenerants from tissue culture. An analysis of the results showed that the four selected RAPD primers were able to detect polymorphic bands among species at a frequency of 80%, and among cultivars at a frequency of 44%. In contrast, the microsatellite probe detected polymorphic bands at a frequency of 100 and 95%, respectively. The GACA-containing probe did not detect any common bands among the representatives of the six species, while band sharing with RAPDs was 48%. These results indicate that the two methods detect two types of DNA that differ in their degree of variability.Key words: DNA fingerprint, RAPD, simple sequence, somaclonal variation, tissue culture.

scholarly journals Tissue culture-induced somaclonal variation of decreased pollen viability in torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShuLan Sun ◽  
JianQiang Zhong ◽  
ShuHua Li ◽  
XiaoJing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Torenia Fournieri
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