Transformation Rules on Engineering Stress Strain Curves of S690 Funnel-Shaped Coupons

The present study deals with the extended version of our previous research work. In this article, for predicting the entire weld bead geometry and engineering stress–strain curve of the cold metal transfer (CMT) weldment, a MATLAB based application window (second version) is developed with certain modifications. In the first version, for predicting the entire weld bead geometry, apart from weld bead characteristics, x and y coordinates (24 from each) of the extracted points are considered. Finally, in the first version, 53 output values (five for weld bead characteristics and 48 for x and y coordinates) are predicted using both multiple regression analysis (MRA) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) technique to get an idea related to the complete weld bead geometry without performing the actual welding process. The obtained weld bead shapes using both the techniques are compared with the experimentally obtained bead shapes. Based on the results obtained from the first version and the knowledge acquired from literature, the complete shape of weld bead obtained using ANFIS is in good agreement with the experimentally obtained weld bead shape. This motivated us to adopt a hybrid technique known as ANFIS (combined artificial neural network and fuzzy features) alone in this paper for predicting the weld bead shape and engineering stress–strain curve of the welded joint. In the present study, an attempt is made to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction when the number of trials is reduced to half and increasing the number of data points from the macrograph to twice. Complete weld bead geometry and the engineering stress–strain curves were predicted against the input welding parameters (welding current and welding speed), fed by the user in the MATLAB application window. Finally, the entire weld bead geometries were predicted by both the first and the second version are compared and validated with the experimentally obtained weld bead shapes. The similar procedure was followed for predicting the engineering stress–strain curve to compare with experimental outcomes.

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Determining engineering stress–strain curve directly from the load–depth curve of spherical indentation test

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2010.0310 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 2297-2307 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Baoxing Xu ◽

Xi Chen

Keyword(s):

Indentation Test ◽

Strain Curve ◽

Spherical Indentation ◽

Displacement Curve ◽

Large Set ◽

Stress Strain Curve ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Constraint Factors ◽

Engineering Stress ◽

Depth Curve

The engineering stress–strain curve is one of the most convenient characterizations of the constitutive behavior of materials that can be obtained directly from uniaxial experiments. We propose that the engineering stress–strain curve may also be directly converted from the load–depth curve of a deep spherical indentation test via new phenomenological formulations of the effective indentation strain and stress. From extensive forward analyses, explicit relationships are established between the indentation constraint factors and material elastoplastic parameters, and verified numerically by a large set of engineering materials as well as experimentally by parallel laboratory tests and data available in the literature. An iterative reverse analysis procedure is proposed such that the uniaxial engineering stress–strain curve of an unknown material (assuming that its elastic modulus is obtained in advance via a separate shallow spherical indentation test or other established methods) can be deduced phenomenologically and approximately from the load–displacement curve of a deep spherical indentation test.

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Measured Engineering Stress-Strain Responses of Seamless Stainless Steel 304 Tubes

Mechanics of Offshore Pipelines, Volume 2 ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-817014-4.09987-0 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 419-420

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Engineering Stress ◽

Stainless Steel 304 ◽

Strain Responses

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The Influence of Strain Rate on the Passive and Stimulated Engineering Stress–Large Strain Behavior of the Rabbit Tibialis Anterior Muscle

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2834292 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 126-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

B. S. Myers ◽

C. T. Woolley ◽

T. L. Slotter ◽

W. E. Garrett ◽

T. M. Best

Keyword(s):

Strain Rate ◽

Tibialis Anterior ◽

High Speed ◽

Large Strain ◽

Strain Rates ◽

Average Strain ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Engineering Stress ◽

Average Strain Rate ◽

Strain Responses

The passive and stimulated engineering stress–large strain mechanical properties of skeletal muscle were measured at the midbelly of the rabbit tibialis anterior. The purpose of these experiments was to provide previously unavailable constitutive information based on the true geometry of the muscle and to determine the effect of strain rate on these responses. An apparatus including an ultrasound imager, high-speed digital imager, and a servohydraulic linear actuator was used to apply constant velocity deformations to the tibialis anterior of an anesthetized neurovascularly intact rabbit. The average isometric tetanic stress prior to elongation was 0.44 ± 0.15 MPa. During elongation the average stimulated modulus was 0.97 ± 0.34 MPa and was insensitive to rate of loading. The passive stress–strain responses showed a nonlinear stiffening response typical of biologic soft tissue. Both the passive and stimulated stress–strain responses were sensitive to strain rate over the range of strain rates (1 to 25 s−1). Smaller changes in average strain rate (1 to 10, and 10 to 25 s−1) did not produce statistically significant changes in these responses, particularly in the stimulated responses, which were less sensitive to average strain rate than the passive responses. This relative insensitivity to strain rate suggests that pseudoelastic functions generated from an appropriate strain rate test may be suitable for the characterization of the responses of muscle over a narrow range of strain rates, particularly in stimulated muscle.

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Stress-Stain Response of PVC Geomembrane under Uniaxial Tension Test

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1582 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 936 ◽

pp. 1582-1586 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hai Min Wu ◽

Yi Ming Shu

Keyword(s):

Uniaxial Tension ◽

True Strain ◽

Tension Test ◽

True Stress ◽

Strain Response ◽

Test Results ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Uniaxial Tension Test ◽

Engineering Stress ◽

Photographic Analysis

The mechanical property of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) geomembrane was usually expressed using engineering stress-strain response in traditional uniaxial tension test. By failing to account for deformation of specimen during the test, the deviation of true stress and strain maybe caused from the test results. In this paper, the true stress-strain response of PVC geomembrane was investigated using uniaxial tension test. The photographic analysis method was used to measure axial and lateral true strain of specimen. The Poissons ratio and true stress were also acquired based on measured true strain in the test. Then the true stress-strain relationship was obtained from the test results. By comparing with the engineering stress-strain results expressed by traditional method, it can be found that the engineering stress-strain result is unreasonable. The engineering stress-strain expression easily leads to the underestimation of the true stress.

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A Universal Equation Governing Engineering Stress-strain Curves of Polycrystals

ISIJ International ◽

10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2015-719 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 1097-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nam Hoe Heo ◽

Yoon-Uk Heo ◽

Sung-Joon Kim

Keyword(s):

Stress Strain ◽

Universal Equation ◽

Engineering Stress

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Representation of Damage with Fracture-Strain

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1205 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 592-594 ◽

pp. 1205-1209

Author(s):

C.S. Surendran ◽

G. Sasikala

Keyword(s):

Physical Quantity ◽

Physical Meaning ◽

Fracture Strain ◽

Strain Curve ◽

Damage Parameter ◽

Stress Strain Curve ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Engineering Stress ◽

Critical Damage

Under the influence of stresses and strains damage is progressively accumulated in the material leading to full damage viz. fracture corresponding to a critical damage parameter. The damage parameter varies in between zero and unity inclusive of both the values corresponding to non damaged and fully damaged condition. Also damage is a tensorial quantity with physical meaning. In order to represent this physical quantity, a damage-D plane is suggested. This is like a co-ordinate system to easy representation of damage as a function of fracture strain. The damage-D plane can be merged with engineering stress-strain curve beyond the UTS where the damage leads to fracture occurs in the material.

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