A Review of Emissions Control Technologies for On-Road Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Ameya Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Control ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Control Technologies

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimisation of Tyre and Suspension Parameters during Cornering for Different Road Roughness Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5934
Author(s):  
Georgios Papaioannou ◽  
Jenny Jerrelind ◽  
Lars Drugge
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Vehicle Handling ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Road Roughness ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Tyre Wear

Effective emission control technologies and novel propulsion systems have been developed for road vehicles, decreasing exhaust particle emissions. However, work has to be done on non-exhaust traffic related sources such as tyre–road interaction and tyre wear. Given that both are inevitable in road vehicles, efforts for assessing and minimising tyre wear should be considered. The amount of tyre wear is because of internal (tyre structure, manufacturing, etc.) and external (suspension configuration, speed, road surface, etc.) factors. In this work, the emphasis is on the optimisation of such parameters for minimising tyre wear, but also enhancing occupant’s comfort and improving vehicle handling. In addition to the search for the optimum parameters, the optimisation is also used as a tool to identify and highlight potential trade-offs between the objectives and the various design parameters. Hence, initially, the tyre design (based on some chosen tyre parameters) is optimised with regards to the above-mentioned objectives, for a vehicle while cornering over both Class A and B road roughness profiles. Afterwards, an optimal solution is sought between the Pareto alternatives provided by the two road cases, in order for the tyre wear levels to be less affected under different road profiles. Therefore, it is required that the tyre parameters are as close possible and that they provide similar tyre wear in both road cases. Then, the identified tyre design is adopted and the optimum suspension design is sought for the two road cases for both passive and semi-active suspension types. From the results, significant conclusions regarding how tyre wear behaves with regards to passenger comfort and vehicle handling are extracted, while the results illustrate where the optimum suspension and tyre parameters have converged trying to compromise among the above objectives under different road types and how suspension types, passive and semi-active, could compromise among all of them more optimally.

PM2.5 Emissions from Industrial Boilers and Control Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 894-897
Author(s):  
Jia You Liu ◽  
Feng Zhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Emissions Control ◽  
Industrial Boilers ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
And Control

Industrial boilers are important thermal power equipments. Soot, SOx and NOx, etc. generated from Industrial boilers are main sources of PM2.5. Based on the analysis of sources of PM2.5 emissions from industrial boilers, PM2.5 control technologies for industrial boilers such as dedusting technology, desulfurization technology and denitration technology are introduced and analyzed. According to the characteristics of current PM2.5 control technology and industrial boilers, technical route of PM2.5 emissions control for industrial boilers is recommended.

scholarly journals The effect of coal-fired power-plant SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> control technologies on aerosol nucleation in the source plumes

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 11519-11531 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Lonsdale ◽  
R. G. Stevens ◽  
C. A. Brock ◽  
P. A. Makar ◽  
E. M. Knipping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Particle Nucleation ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Emissions Control ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Control Technologies

Abstract. Nucleation in coal-fired power-plant plumes can greatly contribute to particle number concentrations near source regions. The changing emissions rates of SO2 and NOx due to pollution-control technologies over recent decades may have had a significant effect on aerosol formation and growth in the plumes with ultimate implications for climate and human health. We use the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) large-eddy simulation model with the TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics algorithm to model the nucleation in plumes of coal-fired plants. We test a range of cases with varying emissions to simulate the implementation of emissions-control technologies between 1997 and 2010. We start by simulating the W. A. Parish power plant (near Houston, TX) during this time period, when NOx emissions were reduced by ~90% and SO2 emissions decreased by ~30%. Increases in plume OH (due to the reduced NOx) produced enhanced SO2 oxidation and an order-of-magnitude increase in particle nucleation in the plume despite the reduction in SO2 emissions. These results suggest that NOx emissions could strongly regulate particle nucleation and growth in power-plant plumes. Next, we test a range of cases with varying emissions to simulate the implementation of SO2 and NOx emissions-control technologies. Particle formation generally increases with SO2 emission, while NOx shows two different regimes: increasing particle formation with increasing NOx under low-NOx emissions and decreasing particle formation with increasing NOx under high-NOx emissions. Next, we compare model results with airborne measurements made in the W. A. Parish power-plant plume in 2000 and 2006, confirming the importance of NOx emissions on new particle formation and highlighting the substantial effect of background aerosol loadings on this process (the more polluted background of the 2006 case caused more than an order-of-magnitude reduction in particle formation in the plume compared to the cleaner test day in 2000). Finally, we calculate particle-formation statistics of 330 coal-fired power plants in the US in 1997 and 2010, and the model results show a median decrease of 19% in particle formation rates from 1997 to 2010 (whereas the W. A. Parish case study showed an increase). Thus, the US power plants, on average, show a different result than was found for the W. A. Parish plant specifically, and it shows that the strong NOx controls (90% reduction) implemented at the W. A. Parish plant (with relatively weak SO2 emissions reductions, 30%) are not representative of most power plants in the US during the past 15 yr. These results suggest that there may be important climate implications of power-plant controls due to changes in plume chemistry and microphysics, but the magnitude and sign of the aerosol changes depend greatly on the relative reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions in each plant. More extensive plume measurements for a range of emissions of SO2 and NOx and in varying background aerosol conditions are needed, however, to better quantify these effects.

Industrial Emissions Control Technologies: Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 477-511
Author(s):  
Szymon Kwiatkowski ◽  
Merve Polat ◽  
Weijia Yu ◽  
Matthew Stanley Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Control ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Control Technologies

Research Advances of NOx Emissions Control Technologies of Stoker Boilers

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 1087-1090
Author(s):  
Jia You Liu ◽  
Feng Zhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Emissions Control ◽  
Thermal Nox ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
And Control

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are one of the pollutants generating from coal combustion in stoker boilers, and they are very harmful to human health and environment. It is necessary to study NOx emissions control technology for stoker boilers. By explaining the formation mechanism and control methods of thermal NOx, fuel NOx and prompt NOx, NOx emissions control technologies applied in stoker boilers are introduced and research advances are given, some advice for NOx emissions control in stoker boilers is put forward.

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