scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimisation of Tyre and Suspension Parameters during Cornering for Different Road Roughness Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5934
Author(s):  
Georgios Papaioannou ◽  
Jenny Jerrelind ◽  
Lars Drugge
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Vehicle Handling ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Road Roughness ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Tyre Wear

Effective emission control technologies and novel propulsion systems have been developed for road vehicles, decreasing exhaust particle emissions. However, work has to be done on non-exhaust traffic related sources such as tyre–road interaction and tyre wear. Given that both are inevitable in road vehicles, efforts for assessing and minimising tyre wear should be considered. The amount of tyre wear is because of internal (tyre structure, manufacturing, etc.) and external (suspension configuration, speed, road surface, etc.) factors. In this work, the emphasis is on the optimisation of such parameters for minimising tyre wear, but also enhancing occupant’s comfort and improving vehicle handling. In addition to the search for the optimum parameters, the optimisation is also used as a tool to identify and highlight potential trade-offs between the objectives and the various design parameters. Hence, initially, the tyre design (based on some chosen tyre parameters) is optimised with regards to the above-mentioned objectives, for a vehicle while cornering over both Class A and B road roughness profiles. Afterwards, an optimal solution is sought between the Pareto alternatives provided by the two road cases, in order for the tyre wear levels to be less affected under different road profiles. Therefore, it is required that the tyre parameters are as close possible and that they provide similar tyre wear in both road cases. Then, the identified tyre design is adopted and the optimum suspension design is sought for the two road cases for both passive and semi-active suspension types. From the results, significant conclusions regarding how tyre wear behaves with regards to passenger comfort and vehicle handling are extracted, while the results illustrate where the optimum suspension and tyre parameters have converged trying to compromise among the above objectives under different road types and how suspension types, passive and semi-active, could compromise among all of them more optimally.

scholarly journals Wideband Rectangular Foldable and Non-foldable Antenna for Internet of Things Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve W. Y. Mung ◽  
Cheuk Yin Cheung ◽  
Ka Ming Wu ◽  
Joseph S. M. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Multiple Frequency ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost

This article presents a simple wideband rectangular antenna in foldable and non-foldable (printed circuit board (PCB)) structures for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Both are simple structures with two similar rectangular metal planes which cover multiple frequency bands such as GPS, WCDMA/LTE, and 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. This wideband antenna is suitable to integrate into the short- and long-range wireless applications such as the short-range 2.4 GHz ISM band and standard cellular bands. This lowers the overall size of the product as well as the cost in the applications. In this article, the configuration and operation principle are presented as well as its trade-offs on the design parameters. Simulated and experimental results of foldable and non-foldable (PCB) structures show that the antenna is suited for IoT applications.

Configuration Robustness Analysis of the Optimal Design of Cable-Driven Manipulators

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Bryson ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Sunil K. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Stochastic Optimization ◽  
High Dimension ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Robot Leg ◽  
Robot Performance

Designing an effective cable architecture for a cable-driven robot becomes challenging as the number of cables and degrees of freedom of the robot increase. A methodology has been previously developed to identify the optimal design of a cable-driven robot for a given task using stochastic optimization. This approach is effective in providing an optimal solution for robots with high-dimension design spaces, but does not provide insights into the robustness of the optimal solution to errors in the configuration parameters that arise in the implementation of a design. In this work, a methodology is developed to analyze the robustness of the performance of an optimal design to changes in the configuration parameters. This robustness analysis can be used to inform the implementation of the optimal design into a robot while taking into account the precision and tolerances of the implementation. An optimized cable-driven robot leg is used as a motivating example to illustrate the application of the configuration robustness analysis. Following the methodology, the effect on robot performance due to design variations is analyzed, and a modified design is developed which minimizes the potential performance degradations due to implementation errors in the design parameters. A robot leg is constructed and is used to validate the robustness analysis by demonstrating the predicted effects of variations in the design parameters on the performance of the robot.

Theoretical Investigation of a Peristaltic Magneto-Fluid Dynamic Induction Compressor-2

1965 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Neuringer ◽  
Eugene Migotsky ◽  
James H. Turner ◽  
Robert M. Haag
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Magnetic Reynolds Number ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Geometric Scaling ◽  
Axial Mass

In Part 3, the nature of the electromechanically induced motions inside the compressor both of the fluid conductor and of the pumped fluid when the electromechanical coupling is weak, i.e., in the limit of small magnetic Reynolds number, is investigated. The analysis predicts the development of a constant pressure gradient in the pumped fluid when the condition is imposed that the time-average axial mass flow across the conducting fluid annulus is zero. In Part 4, a preliminary feasibility study is made to determine whether the induction compressor has the potential to provide the pressure rise required to propel large and small undersea craft by means of jet propulsion systems for reasonable power and current-sheet inputs. Also determined here are the geometric scaling laws for the appropriate operating and design parameters.

Trade-Off Analysis for the Design of a High Performance Hydrostatic Actuation System

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Quadratic Programming ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Dominant Design

Abstract This paper considers the design of a high performance hydrostatic actuation system referred to as the ElectroHydraulic Actuator (EHA). The expected performance of EHA and its dominant design parameters are identified by using mathematical modeling. The design parameters are classified into Direct and Indirect categories based on the measure of their accessibility to the designer. The Direct parameters are directly quantifiable and, can be linked to the performance of EHA through a set of mathematical functions. A prototype of EHA has been produced and described. The mathematical functions linking performance to design parameters are used to investigate design trade-offs. Design improvements to the prototype are suggested by using constrained quadratic programming.

Multi-Objective Optimal Design of Passive Suspension System With Inerter Damper

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotian Xu ◽  
Yousef Sardahi ◽  
Chenyu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Crest Factor ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Passive Suspension ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Passive Suspension System ◽  
Unsprung Mass

This paper presents a many-objective optimal design of a four-degree-of-freedom passive suspension system with an inerter device. In the optimization process, four objectives are considered: passenger’s head acceleration (HA), crest factor (CF), suspension deflection (SD), and tire deflection (TD). The former two objectives are important for the health and comfort of the driver and the latter two quantify the suspension system performance. The spring ks and damping cs constants between the sprung mass and unsprung mass, the inertance coefficient B, and the tire spring constant ky are considered as design parameters. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to solve this optimization problem. The results show that there are many optimal trade-offs among the design objectives that could be applicable to suspension design in the industry.

scholarly journals Decision Support Tool for Offshore Wind Farm Vessel Routing under Uncertainty

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Dawid ◽  
David McMillan ◽  
Matthew Revie
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

This paper for the first time captures the impact of uncertain maintenance action times on vessel routing for realistic offshore wind farm problems. A novel methodology is presented to incorporate uncertainties, e.g., on the expected maintenance duration, into the decision-making process. Users specify the extent to which these unknown elements impact the suggested vessel routing strategy. If uncertainties are present, the tool outputs multiple vessel routing policies with varying likelihoods of success. To demonstrate the tool’s capabilities, two case studies were presented. Firstly, simulations based on synthetic data illustrate that in a scenario with uncertainties, the cost-optimal solution is not necessarily the best choice for operators. Including uncertainties when calculating the vessel routing policy led to a 14% increase in the number of wind turbines maintained at the end of the day. Secondly, the tool was applied to a real-life scenario based on an offshore wind farm in collaboration with a United Kingdom (UK) operator. The results showed that the assignment of vessels to turbines generated by the tool matched the policy chosen by wind farm operators. By producing a range of policies for consideration, this tool provided operators with a structured and transparent method to assess trade-offs and justify decisions.

scholarly journals Economic assessment and optimizing of the solar water heating system

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Jan Skovajsa ◽  
Martin Zálešák
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Heating System

The article deals with the economic evaluation of investment and optimization of the solar water heating system for family houses. From the point of view of solar systems, the optimal solution is based on the specific application of it. The design is dependent on the location of solar thermal collectors and ration between active aperture area and real daytime consumption. Common calculations according to actual standards often give overstated results, which also reflected in the value of the investments. The article presents the research of optimal parameters of the thermal solar system for preparing of domestic hot water. A combination of related standards and software TRNSYS are used to find optimal parameters. Thanks to created and verified simulation models, it is possible to design parameters so as to avoid under-dimensioning or over-dimensioning of the solar system. Energy price is another factor affects the payback period of investments. This is affected by the used energy sources and their combination. For example, buildings that use electricity to heat water or heating have different energy charges than a building that uses natural gas. So, the aim is to find technically and economically efficient solution.

scholarly journals Design of Gas Cyclone Using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9772
Author(s):  
Xueli Shen ◽  
Daniel C. Ihenacho
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Fitness Value ◽  
Sensitivity Approach

The method of searching for an optimal solution inspired by nature is referred to as particle swarm optimization. Differential evolution is a simple but effective EA for global optimization since it has demonstrated strong convergence qualities and is relatively straightforward to comprehend. The primary concerns of design engineers are that the traditional technique used in the design process of a gas cyclone utilizes complex mathematical formulas and a sensitivity approach to obtain relevant optimal design parameters. The motivation of this research effort is based on the desire to simplify complex mathematical models and the sensitivity approach for gas cyclone design with the use of an objective function, which is of the minimization type. The process makes use of the initial population generated by the DE algorithm, and the stopping criterion of DE is set as the fitness value. When the fitness value is not less than the current global best, the DE population is taken over by PSO. For each iteration, the new velocity and position are updated in every generation until the optimal solution is achieved. When using PSO independently, the adoption of a hybridised particle swarm optimization method for the design of an optimum gas cyclone produced better results, with an overall efficiency of 0.70, and with a low cost at the rate of 230 cost/second.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Techno-Economic Optimization of Design Parameters for Residential Buildings in Different Climate Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Georg Frey
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Load ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Climate Zones

The comprehensive approach for a building envelope design involves building performance simulations, which are time-consuming and require knowledge of complicated processes. In addition, climate variation makes the selection of these parameters more complex. The paper aims to establish guidelines for determining a single-family household’s unique optimal passive design in various climate zones worldwide. For this purpose, a bi-objective optimization is performed for twenty-four locations in twenty climates by coupling TRNSYS and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) using the Python program. The optimization process generates Pareto fronts of thermal load and investment cost to identify the optimum design options for the insulation level of the envelope, window aperture for passive cooling, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), shading fraction, radiation-based shading control, and building orientation. The goal is to find a feasible trade-off between thermal energy demand and the cost of thermal insulation. This is achieved using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) through criteria importance using intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results demonstrate that an optimal envelope design remarkably improves the thermal load compared to the base case of previous envelope design practices. However, the weather conditions strongly influence the design parameters. The research findings set a benchmark for energy-efficient household envelopes in the investigated climates. The optimal solution sets also provide a criterion for selecting the ranges of envelope design parameters according to the space heating and cooling demands of the climate zone.

Study of Semi-Inverse Problem for the Design of Annular S-Shaped Compressor Transition Duct

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Shan ◽  
Jingyuan Wang ◽  
Zhentao Lv
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Wall Pressure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Gradient Distribution ◽  
Static Pressure Distribution

A new aerodynamic design strategy of the S-shaped transition duct between two compressor components was studied. Based on the controlled wall pressure gradient distribution and the wall velocity distribution, a semi-inverse problem of the transition duct was proposed, the corresponding inverse and direct approach codes were developed. To verify the feasibility of this method, two axial-centrifugal compressor transition ducts were designed. The results show that the static pressure distribution on the inner wall and the duct geometry both can be controlled freely by adjusting the inverse design parameters. The designed inner wall pressure distribution can be realized through a numerical matching procedure of the outer wall geometry based on the direct problem. The new design method is practicable that, without searching the optimal solution of the static pressure distribution of the inner wall, the total pressure coefficient can be at least 0.92.

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