Arsenic: Source, Distribution, Toxicity and Bioremediation

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Ghanshyam Kumar Satyapal ◽  
Nitish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Source Distribution ◽  
Arsenic Source

Study of dislocation loops in Arsenic-Rich as-grown GaAs

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Byung-Teak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Point Defects ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Stoichiometric Compound ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Gaas Crystal ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Arsenic Source ◽  
High Arsenic

Grown-in dislocations in GaAs have been a major obstacle in utilizing this material for the potential electronic devices. Although it has been proposed in many reports that supersaturation of point defects can generate dislocation loops in growing crystals and can be a main formation mechanism of grown-in dislocations, there are very few reports on either the observation or the structural analysis of the stoichiometry-generated loops. In this work, dislocation loops in an arsenic-rich GaAs crystal have been studied by transmission electron microscopy.The single crystal with high arsenic concentration was grown using the Horizontal Bridgman method. The arsenic source temperature during the crystal growth was about 630°C whereas 617±1°C is normally believed to be optimum one to grow a stoichiometric compound. Samples with various orientations were prepared either by chemical thinning or ion milling and examined in both a JEOL JEM 200CX and a Siemens Elmiskop 102.

Source, Distribution, and Management of Arsenic in Water from Wells, Eastern San Joaquin Ground-Water Subbasin, California

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Izbicki ◽  
Christina L. Stamos ◽  
Loren F. Metzger ◽  
Keith J. Halford ◽  
Thomas R. Kulp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Source Distribution

Eurasian Competitive Capacity Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakkı Çiftçi ◽  
Aliye Erşahinoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
And Function

New ventures and creation of market awareness and industrial competition make competition as a prior concept. From this, evaluation of Eurasian competition capacity from the viewpoint of Turkey gains importance as an issue. Within the scope of EU 2020; 3 thematic priorities, 5 main targets, 7 initiatives were determined as a basis. This study that aims developing innovative management and achieving sustainable and more balanced growth with powerful innovative competition capacity, will take basic policies, which will create the competition capacity leans from Turkey to Eurasia, as a basis. This study also includes the analyses of sectoral competition capacity from Turkey to Eurasia as well as legal regulations, energy, trade, employment and geographical dimensions. As the method of this study, data regarding the indications of competition capacity over the last decade will be evaluated, deficiencies will be determined, source distribution will be directed, technological development functions will be achieved, efficient and function competition will be coordinated with the economic growth and a series of measurements will be taken and competition policies will be established in this regard. This study will also analyze the competition policies of Turkey and Eurasia and their objectives, efficiency and measurement of competition, general overview of Eurasian economies, global competition in Eurasian countries, index sequencing and scores in accordance with developed innovation in terms of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkey. Through the evaluation of rankings of Eurasian economies within Global Competition Index as well as the scores and Global Competition Report, the study will be concluded.

scholarly journals Assessing Heavy Industrial Heat Source Distribution in China Using Real-Time VIIRS Active Fire/Hotspot Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Ma ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Fu Chen ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Jianbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Heavy Industry ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
Heat Source Distribution

Rapid urbanization and economic development have led to the development of heavy industry and structural re-equalization in mainland China. This has resulted in scattered and disorderly layouts becoming prominent in the region. Furthermore, economic development has exacerbated pressures on regional resources and the environment and has threatened sustainable and coordinated development in the region. The NASA Land Science Investigator Processing System (Land-SIPS) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer (VIIRS) 375-m active fire product (VNP14IMG) was selected from the Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) to study the spatiotemporal patterns of heavy industry development. Furthermore, we employed an improved adaptive K-means algorithm to realize the spatial segmentation of long-order VNP14IMG and constructed heat source objects. Lastly, we used a threshold recognition model to identify heavy industry objects from normal heat source objects. Results suggest that the method is an accurate and effective way to monitor heat sources generated from heavy industry. Moreover, some conclusions about heavy industrial heat source distribution in mainland China at different scales were obtained. Those can be beneficial for policy-makers and heavy industry regulation.

scholarly journals Bayesian Reconstruction through Adaptive Image Notion

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Fabrizia Guglielmetti ◽  
Eric Villard ◽  
Ed Fomalont
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Source Detection ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
Image Planes

A stable and unique solution to the ill-posed inverse problem in radio synthesis image analysis is sought employing Bayesian probability theory combined with a probabilistic two-component mixture model. The solution of the ill-posed inverse problem is given by inferring the values of model parameters defined to describe completely the physical system arised by the data. The analysed data are calibrated visibilities, Fourier transformed from the ( u , v ) to image planes. Adaptive splines are explored to model the cumbersome background model corrupted by the largely varying dirty beam in the image plane. The de-convolution process of the dirty image from the dirty beam is tackled in probability space. Probability maps in source detection at several resolution values quantify the acquired knowledge on the celestial source distribution from a given state of information. The information available are data constrains, prior knowledge and uncertain information. The novel algorithm has the aim to provide an alternative imaging task for the use of the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) in support of the widely used Common Astronomy Software Applications (CASA) enhancing the capabilities in source detection.

Optimal source distribution for binaural synthesis over loudspeakers

2002 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2786-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Takeuchi ◽  
Philip A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Source Distribution

ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF RADIATION PATTERNS FROM CIRCULAR APERTURES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ishimaru ◽  
G. Held
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Circular Aperture ◽  
Narrow Beam ◽  
Wave Type ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Improved Design

Part I considers the problem of determining the source distribution over a circular aperture required to produce a prescribed radiation pattern. In particular, the problem of optimizing the narrow broadside pattern from a circular aperture is discussed in detail and an improved design method over Taylor's for line source is devised. Numerical examples are given.Part II deals with the analysis of the radiation pattern from a circular aperture from γ1 to γ2 with the traveling wave type source functions. Expressions suitable to the analysis and the synthesis are obtained and the narrow-beam and shaped-beam synthesis are discussed.

Solder Bumps Inspection UsingPrincipal Component Analysis in Active Thermography

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 1529-1533
Author(s):  
Xiang Ning Lu ◽  
Ji Guang Han ◽  
Su Hua Han ◽  
Su Ya Wang ◽  
Ming Hui Shao
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Thermal Contrast ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Active Thermography ◽  
Solder Bumps ◽  
Pixel Value

A nondestructive inspection system has been developed using the active thermography technology. However the solder defects can not be distinguished directly from the thermal images captured by IR camera because of the heating non-uniformities. The principal component analysis is explored to identify the defects of the solder bumps accurately and effectively. Thermal contrast image is obtained by subtracting source distribution map from the original thermal image. The hot spots corresponding to 16 solder bumps are segmented. The pixels with the thermal contrast values ranging from 0.18°C to 0.20°C are counted, and the maximum and the minimum of the pixel value are found out respectively, which are used in the principal component analysis. The missing bump is identified by the first principal component score. The results show that it is effective using the principal component analysis in active thermography for defects inspection of solder bumps in microelectronic packaging.

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