Cytoplasmic incompatibility in the mosquito Culex pipiens L. from southern France: implications for the selection and dispersal of insecticide resistance genes in natural populations

Genetica ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Raymond ◽  
M. Magnin ◽  
N. Pasteur ◽  
G. Pasteur ◽  
G. Sin�gre
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Southern France

Population structure and dynamics of insecticide resistance genes in Culex pipiens populations from Italy

Heredity ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Silvestrini ◽  
Carlo Severini ◽  
Valeria di Pardo ◽  
Roberto Romi ◽  
Elvira de Matthaeis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Population Structure And Dynamics

Insecticide Resistance Genes in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Italy: Esterase B Locus at the Dna Level

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Severini ◽  
Marino Marinucci ◽  
Michel Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
B Locus

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance genes confer a predation cost on mosquitoes, Culex pipiens

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. BERTICAT ◽  
O. DURON ◽  
D. HEYSE ◽  
M. RAYMOND
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Culex Pipiens

scholarly journals Aedes aegypti insecticide resistance underlies the success (and failure) of Wolbachia population replacement

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Garcia ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas ◽  
Daniel A. M. Villela
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Replacement ◽  
Frequency Independent ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
Theoretical Results

AbstractMosquitoes that carry Wolbachia endosymbionts may help control the spread of arboviral diseases, such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Wolbachia frequencies systematically increase only when the frequency-dependent advantage due to cytoplasmic incompatibility exceeds frequency-independent costs, which may be intrinsic to the Wolbachia and/or can be associated with the genetic background into which Wolbachia are introduced. Costs depend on field conditions such as the environmental pesticide load. Introduced mosquitoes need adequate protection against insecticides to ensure survival after release. We model how insecticide resistance of transinfected mosquitoes determines the success of local Wolbachia introductions and link our theoretical results to field data. Two Ae. aegypti laboratory strains carrying Wolbachia were released in an isolated district of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: wMelBr (susceptible to pyrethroids) and wMelRio (resistant to pyrethroids). Our models elucidate why releases of the susceptible strain failed to result in Wolbachia establishment, while releases of the resistant strain led to Wolbachia transforming the native Ae. aegypti population. The results highlight the importance of matching insecticide resistance levels in release stocks to those in the target natural populations during Wolbachia deployment.

scholarly journals Evaluating Gene Flow Using Selected Markers: A Case Study

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1383-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lenormand ◽  
Thomas Guillemaud ◽  
Denis Bourguet ◽  
Michel Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pipiens ◽  
Selection Intensities

Abstract The extent to which an organism is locally adapted in an environmental pocket depends on the selection intensities inside and outside the pocket, on migration, and on the size of the pocket. When two or more loci are involved in this local adaptation, measuring their frequency gradients and their linkage disequilbria allows one to disentangle the forces—migration and selection—acting on the system. We apply this method to the case of a local adaptation to organophosphate insecticides in the mosquito Culex pipiens pipiens in southern France. The study of two different resistance loci allowed us to estimate with support limits gene flow as well as selection pressure on insecticide resistance and the fitness costs associated with each locus. These estimates permit us to pinpoint the conditions for the maintenance of this pocket of adaptation as well as the effect of the interaction between the two resistance loci.

scholarly journals Dissecting the cost of insecticide resistance genes during the overwintering period of the mosquito Culex pipiens

Heredity ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élodie Gazave ◽  
Christine Chevillon ◽  
Thomas Lenormand ◽  
Maïté Marquine ◽  
Michel Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals On the mod resc Model and the Evolution of Wolbachia Compatibility Types

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Charlat ◽  
Claire Calmet ◽  
Hervé Merçot
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Specific Manner

Abstract Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is induced by the endocellular bacterium Wolbachia. It results in an embryonic mortality occurring when infected males mate with uninfected females. The mechanism involved is currently unknown, but the mod resc model allows interpretation of all observations made so far. It postulates the existence of two bacterial functions: modification (mod) and rescue (resc). The mod function acts in the males' germline, before Wolbachia are shed from maturing sperm. If sperm is affected by mod, zygote development will fail unless resc is expressed in the egg. Interestingly, CI is also observed in crosses between infected males and infected females when the two partners bear different Wolbachia strains, demonstrating that mod and resc interact in a specific manner: Two Wolbachia strains are compatible with each other only if they harbor the same compatibility type. Here we focus on the evolutionary process involved in the emergence of new compatibility types from ancestral ones. We argue that new compatibility types are likely to evolve under a wider range of conditions than previously thought, through a two-step process. First, new mod variants can arise by mutation and spread by drift. This is possible because mod is expressed in males and Wolbachia is transmitted by females. Second, once such a mod variant achieves a certain frequency, it can create the conditions for the deterministic invasion of a new resc variant, allowing the invasion of a new mod resc pair. Furthermore, we show that a stable polymorphism might be maintained in natural populations, allowing the long-term existence of “suicidal” Wolbachia strains.

Wolbachia and Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the CaliforniaCulex pipiensMosquito Species Complex: Parameter Estimates and Infection Dynamics in Natural Populations

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 2029-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L Rasgon ◽  
Thomas W Scott
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractBefore maternally inherited bacterial symbionts like Wolbachia, which cause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI; reduced hatch rate) when infected males mate with uninfected females, can be used in a program to control vector-borne diseases it is essential to understand their dynamics of infection in natural arthropod vector populations. Our study had four goals: (1) quantify the number of Wolbachia strains circulating in the California Culex pipiens species complex, (2) investigate Wolbachia infection frequencies and distribution in natural California populations, (3) estimate the parameters that govern Wolbachia spread among Cx. pipiens under laboratory and field conditions, and (4) use these values to estimate equilibrium levels and compare predicted infection prevalence levels to those observed in nature. Strain-specific PCR, wsp gene sequencing, and crossing experiments indicated that a single Wolbachia strain infects Californian Cx. pipiens. Infection frequency was near or at fixation in all populations sampled for 2 years along a >1000-km north-south transect. The combined statewide infection frequency was 99.4%. Incompatible crosses were 100% sterile under laboratory and field conditions. Sterility decreased negligibly with male age in the laboratory. Infection had no significant effect on female fecundity under laboratory or field conditions. Vertical transmission was >99% in the laboratory and ∼98.6% in the field. Using field data, models predicted that Wolbachia will spread to fixation if infection exceeds an unstable equilibrium point above 1.4%. Our estimates accurately predicted infection frequencies in natural populations. If certain technical hurdles can be overcome, our data indicate that Wolbachia can invade vector populations as part of an applied transgenic strategy for vector-borne disease reduction.

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