Cytoplasmic incompatibility in natural populations of a mosquito, Culex pipiens L.

Nature ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 283 (5742) ◽  
pp. 71-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ralph Barr
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations

scholarly journals On the mod resc Model and the Evolution of Wolbachia Compatibility Types

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Charlat ◽  
Claire Calmet ◽  
Hervé Merçot
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Specific Manner

Abstract Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is induced by the endocellular bacterium Wolbachia. It results in an embryonic mortality occurring when infected males mate with uninfected females. The mechanism involved is currently unknown, but the mod resc model allows interpretation of all observations made so far. It postulates the existence of two bacterial functions: modification (mod) and rescue (resc). The mod function acts in the males' germline, before Wolbachia are shed from maturing sperm. If sperm is affected by mod, zygote development will fail unless resc is expressed in the egg. Interestingly, CI is also observed in crosses between infected males and infected females when the two partners bear different Wolbachia strains, demonstrating that mod and resc interact in a specific manner: Two Wolbachia strains are compatible with each other only if they harbor the same compatibility type. Here we focus on the evolutionary process involved in the emergence of new compatibility types from ancestral ones. We argue that new compatibility types are likely to evolve under a wider range of conditions than previously thought, through a two-step process. First, new mod variants can arise by mutation and spread by drift. This is possible because mod is expressed in males and Wolbachia is transmitted by females. Second, once such a mod variant achieves a certain frequency, it can create the conditions for the deterministic invasion of a new resc variant, allowing the invasion of a new mod resc pair. Furthermore, we show that a stable polymorphism might be maintained in natural populations, allowing the long-term existence of “suicidal” Wolbachia strains.

Wolbachia and Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the CaliforniaCulex pipiensMosquito Species Complex: Parameter Estimates and Infection Dynamics in Natural Populations

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 2029-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L Rasgon ◽  
Thomas W Scott
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractBefore maternally inherited bacterial symbionts like Wolbachia, which cause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI; reduced hatch rate) when infected males mate with uninfected females, can be used in a program to control vector-borne diseases it is essential to understand their dynamics of infection in natural arthropod vector populations. Our study had four goals: (1) quantify the number of Wolbachia strains circulating in the California Culex pipiens species complex, (2) investigate Wolbachia infection frequencies and distribution in natural California populations, (3) estimate the parameters that govern Wolbachia spread among Cx. pipiens under laboratory and field conditions, and (4) use these values to estimate equilibrium levels and compare predicted infection prevalence levels to those observed in nature. Strain-specific PCR, wsp gene sequencing, and crossing experiments indicated that a single Wolbachia strain infects Californian Cx. pipiens. Infection frequency was near or at fixation in all populations sampled for 2 years along a >1000-km north-south transect. The combined statewide infection frequency was 99.4%. Incompatible crosses were 100% sterile under laboratory and field conditions. Sterility decreased negligibly with male age in the laboratory. Infection had no significant effect on female fecundity under laboratory or field conditions. Vertical transmission was >99% in the laboratory and ∼98.6% in the field. Using field data, models predicted that Wolbachia will spread to fixation if infection exceeds an unstable equilibrium point above 1.4%. Our estimates accurately predicted infection frequencies in natural populations. If certain technical hurdles can be overcome, our data indicate that Wolbachia can invade vector populations as part of an applied transgenic strategy for vector-borne disease reduction.

scholarly journals Contrasting Patterns of Virus Protection and Functional Incompatibility Genes in Two ConspecificWolbachiaStrains fromDrosophila pandora

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique K. Asselin ◽  
Simon Villegas-Ospina ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Jeremy C. Brownlie ◽  
Karyn N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Differential Protection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Modification Factor ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTWolbachiainfections can present different phenotypes in hosts, including different forms of reproductive manipulation and antiviral protection, which may influence infection dynamics within host populations. In populations ofDrosophila pandoratwo distinctWolbachiastrains coexist, each manipulating host reproduction: strainwPanCI causes cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), whereas strainwPanMK causes male killing (MK). CI occurs when aWolbachia-infected male mates with a female not infected with a compatible type ofWolbachia, leading to nonviable offspring.wPanMK can rescuewPanCI-induced CI but is unable to induce CI. The antiviral protection phenotypes provided by thewPanCI andwPanMK infections were characterized; the strains showed differential protection phenotypes, whereby cricket paralysis virus (CrPV)-induced mortality was delayed in flies infected withwPanMK but enhanced in flies infected withwPanCI compared to their respectiveWolbachia-cured counterparts. Homologs of thecifAandcifBgenes involved in CI identified inwPanMK andwPanCI showed a high degree of conservation; however, the CifB protein inwPanMK is truncated and is likely nonfunctional. The presence of a likely functional CifA inwPanMK andwPanMK’s ability to rescuewPanCI-induced CI are consistent with the recent confirmation of CifA’s involvement in CI rescue, and the absence of a functional CifB protein further supports its involvement as a CI modification factor. Taken together, these findings indicate thatwPanCI andwPanMK have different relationships with their hosts in terms of their protective and CI phenotypes. It is therefore likely that different factors influence the prevalence and dynamics of these coinfections in naturalDrosophila pandorahosts.IMPORTANCEWolbachiastrains are common endosymbionts in insects, with multiple strains often coexisting in the same species. The coexistence of multiple strains is poorly understood but may rely onWolbachiaorganisms having diverse phenotypic effects on their hosts. AsWolbachiais increasingly being developed as a tool to control disease transmission and suppress pest populations, it is important to understand the ways in which multipleWolbachiastrains persist in natural populations and how these might then be manipulated. We have therefore investigated viral protection and the molecular basis of cytoplasmic incompatibility in two coexistingWolbachiastrains with contrasting effects on host reproduction.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution of Wolbachia incompatibility types

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1746) ◽  
pp. 4473-4480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Duron ◽  
Jennifer Bernard ◽  
Célestine M. Atyame ◽  
Emilie Dumas ◽  
Mylène Weill
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
The Self ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Self Compatibility

In most insects, the endosymbiont Wolbachia induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), an embryonic mortality observed when infected males mate either with uninfected females or with females infected by an incompatible Wolbachia strain. Although the molecular mechanism of CI remains elusive, it is classically viewed as a modification–rescue model, in which a Wolbachia mod function disables the reproductive success of the sperm of infected males, unless eggs are infected and express a compatible resc function. The extent to which the modification–rescue model can predict highly complex CI pattern remains a challenging issue. Here, we show the rapid evolution of the mod–resc system in the Culex pipiens mosquito. We have surveyed four incompatible laboratory isofemale lines over 50 generations and observed in two of them that CI has evolved from complete to partial incompatibility (i.e. the production of a mixture of compatible and incompatible clutches). Emergence of the new CI types depends only on Wolbachia determinants and can be simply explained by the gain of new resc functions. Evolution of CI types in Cx. pipiens thus appears as a gradual process, in which one or several resc functions can coexist in the same individual host in addition to the ones involved in the self-compatibility. Our data identified CI as a very dynamic process. We suggest that ancestral and mutant Wolbachia expressing distinct resc functions can co-infect individual hosts, opening the possibility for the mod functions to evolve subsequently. This gives a first clue towards the understanding of how Wolbachia reached highly complex CI pattern in host populations.

Multiple duplications of the rare ace-1 mutation F290V in Culex pipiens natural populations

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 884-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoués Alout ◽  
Pierrick Labbé ◽  
Arnaud Berthomieu ◽  
Nicole Pasteur ◽  
Mylène Weill
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Natural Populations

scholarly journals Cytoplasmic Incompatibility as a Means of Controlling Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Mosquito in the Islands of the South-Western Indian Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célestine M. Atyame ◽  
Nicole Pasteur ◽  
Emilie Dumas ◽  
Pablo Tortosa ◽  
Michaël Luciano Tantely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
The South ◽  
Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus

scholarly journals SEGREGATION OF CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY PROPERTIES IN CULEX PIPIENS FATIGANS

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
Sarala K Subbarao ◽  
B S Krishnamurthy ◽  
C F Curtis ◽  
T Adak ◽  
R K Chandrahas
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Male Progeny ◽  
Culex Pipiens Fatigans ◽  
Laboratory Colony

ABSTRACT Maternally inherited variants, which arose within a laboratory colony of Culex pipiens fatigans, have been studied by rearing cultures from single egg rafts. Segregation, i.e., variation of cytoplasmic incompatibility properties between the male progeny of individual females, was demonstrated. Also, from the daughters of individual females, sub-lines were derived within which all the males showed the same incompatibility or compatibility properties. Among the descendants of tetracycline-treated individuals were lines which superficially simulated these phenomena, but these lines ultimately reverted to the cytoplasmic compatibility type of the strain which was submitted to the treatment. The types of variations in cytoplasmic incompatibility properties that have been studied are discussed.

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