Social policy and social inequality in Nigeria: Examples from four states, using indicators of level of living approach

GeoJournal ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Oluwole Oyebanji
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Level Of Living

scholarly journals The Relevance of Inequality Research in Sociology for Inequality Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110201
Author(s):  
Thomas A. DiPrete ◽  
Brittany N. Fox-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Scale Change ◽  
The Subject

Social inequality is a central topic of research in the social sciences. Decades of research have deepened our understanding of the characteristics and causes of social inequality. At the same time, social inequality has markedly increased during the past 40 years, and progress on reducing poverty and improving the life chances of Americans in the bottom half of the distribution has been frustratingly slow. How useful has sociological research been to the task of reducing inequality? The authors analyze the stance taken by sociological research on the subject of reducing inequality. They identify an imbalance in the literature between the discipline’s continual efforts to motivate the plausibility of large-scale change and its lesser efforts to identify feasible strategies of change either through social policy or by enhancing individual and local agency with the potential to cumulate into meaningful progress on inequality reduction.

scholarly journals Reminders of ingroup privilege often threaten identity but rarely change beliefs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Puryear ◽  
Logan M. Steele ◽  
Joanna Lawler ◽  
Joseph Vandello
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Century ◽  
High Status ◽  
White People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Change Beliefs ◽  
Ingroup Identity

Despite progress over the past century, social inequality remains pervasive in the United States. One approach for addressing inequality is persuading members of high-status groups that their status is partly a product of privilege––that is, unearned advantages that are shared by most members of their group. However, telling people that the accomplishments of their group are not fully earned often elicits defensiveness. Acknowledging ingroup privileges can threaten ingroup identity, raising concerns that attempts to raise awareness of group-based advantages can backfire, making people less supportive of equality efforts. Two studies (N = 773) test the effects of exercises intended to raise privilege awareness. In Study 1, men completed checklists describing privileges men have relative to women. In Study 2, White people completed checklists describing White privileges and received feedback informing them of their privilege. People who acknowledge inequity felt guilt and gratitude after text-based privilege exercises, while people who deny inequity felt threatened by them. However, we find weak and inconsistent evidence that privilege awareness polarizes attitudes about race, gender, and social policy. While privilege awareness activities often appear to evoke defensiveness, they do not consistently polarize attitudes or backfire against their intended goals.

scholarly journals Social Cohesion: Methods of Analysis and Ways of Achievement

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Valentin Roik ◽  
Maria Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Social Disintegration ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

The article is devoted to the issues of social cohesion, its conceptual foundations, and measurement methods that allow expanding the possibilities of studying the consequences of poverty and social inequality that lead to social disintegration of society. Trends in working conditions from the perspective of labour income, access to social protection systems, and stable employment are considered. Special attention is paid to the categories «social cohesion», «social disintegration», «life chances», methods of their classification and methodological relationships. It reflects the positions of international organizations, Western and domestic scientists on the phenomenon of social cohesion, the relevance of which in the life of modern societies is currently increasing. Existing and proposed methods of assessing social cohesion, social disintegration, and life chances can be used to analyze the effectiveness of social policy, allowing them to identify real opportunities to achieve certain levels of material well-being and quality of life for the most typical population groups by income levels, education, and duration of employment in professional groups. This provides a more accurate analysis of opportunities to achieve a higher level of education, social status, access to quality medical care, and reliable insurance institutions. The degree of access of individuals to knowledge, social services, employment, and social networks reflects not only their potential opportunities that can be realized in the future, but also describes the current state of Affairs: an uneven distribution of resources that generates poverty and social disunity. The triad of «poverty – social inequality – life chances» is considered in a union context to develop recommendations for improving social policy.

scholarly journals Methodological Problems and Guidelines of Studying Social Inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Boris Rakitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Object of the Study. Social inequality.The Subject of the Study. Methodology and guidelines of the social inequality studies.The Purpose of the Study. Support efforts of researchers in the field of the social inequality.The Main Provisions of the Article. Ideological basement of the studies of social inequality is the indispensable precondition of ensuring their scientific profoundness, reliability and practical value.In the current article two types of social policy are differenciated: the first one is based on the nesessity of the total elimination of the social inequaltiy in the future, and the second one – on the assumption of unchanging nature of social inparity in the public life. Different types of social policy of a government or of major social actors define a specific set of necessary and sufficient problems which have to be scientificantly deep formulated and solved.

scholarly journals Life opportunities of people: conceptual approaches and measurement

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Lokosov ◽  
Valentin Roik
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Accurate Analysis

The article is devoted to the issues of poverty, social inequality and life opportunities (chances) of individuals. Qualitative and quantitative methods of assessing life opportunities are used to analyze the effectiveness of social policy, allowing identification of the real opportunities to achieve certain levels of material well-being and quality of life for the most typical groups of the population in terms of income, education, duration of employment in professional groups. This provides a more accurate analysis of the opportunities to achieve a higher level of education, social status, access to quality medical care, reliable insurance institutions. Accessibility of knowledge, social services, employment, social networks to individuals, reflects not only their potential that can be realized in the future, but also describes the current situation: uneven distribution of resources generating poverty, social disunity. The article proposes to consider the triad of issues "poverty — social inequality — life opportunities" in a single context, which is a new methodological tool for development of social policy of the State. To eliminate the institutional gap in the social sphere in Russia, it is necessary to improve the quality of budget management, which is possible only with an integrated approach that allows the use of effective mechanisms, institutions and forms of interaction between the business community and the State. In this regard, it seems most appropriate to focus on the further development of such management mechanisms as results-based budgeting; program-targeted methods of implementing budget policy; public-private partnership in the field of financing social services to the population; actuarial methods in the pension and health insurance system.

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